Developing better ceramic membranes for water and wastewater Treatment: Where microstructure integrates with chemistry and functionalities

The assembly photocatalyst with rational design of nanostructure can effectually inhibit the rapid charge recombination and improve the photocatalytic performance. Herein, a hollow cubic Cu2-xS/Fe-polyoxometalate/AgVO3 (Cu2-xS/Fe-POMs/AgVO3) dual Z-scheme heterojunction superstructure is constructed on the surface of a hollow cubic Cu2-xS with a clear structure by continuous growth deposition. The hollow cube structure can promote the utilization of light through the refraction and reflection of light in the cavity. Fe-POMs act as the linker between Cu2-xS and AgVO3, providing adequate active sites. In addition, due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Cu2-xS, Cu2-xS/Fe-POMs/AgVO3 has an obvious photothermal effect, which extends the photoresponse to near-infrared region. The hollow cubic Cu2-xS/Fe-POMs/AgVO3 photocatalyst has excellent photocatalytic-Fenton degradation rate of 98.6 % for bisphenol A within 150 min due to the formation of dual Z-scheme heterostructures benefiting spatial charge separation. This work provides new insights for fabricating superstructure photocatalyst with high-performance and broad-spectrum response.

Hollow cubic Cu2-xS/Fe-POMs/AgVO3 dual Z-scheme heterojunctions with wide-spectrum response and enhanced photothermal and photocatalytic-fenton performance

Photocatalysis technology is a promising strategy to solve the pollution of Cr(VI) wastewater. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are identified as a kind of important photocatalytic materials, but they are easy...

Simulated-sunlight-driven Cr (VI) reduction on type-II heterostructured Sb2S3/CdS photocatalyst

Donor-doped TiO2 ceramics are promising high-temperature oxide thermoelectrics. Highly dense (1 - x)TiO2-xNb2O5 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) ceramics were prepared by a single-step, mixed-oxide route under reducing conditions. The microstructures contained polygonal-shaped grains with uniform grain size distributions. Subgrain structures were formed in samples with low Nb contents by the interlacing of rutile and higher-order Magneli phases, reflecting the high density of shear planes and oxygen vacancies. Samples prepared with a higher Nb content showed no subgrain structures but high densities of planar defects and lower concentrations of oxygen vacancies. Through optimizing the concentration of point defects and line defects, the carrier concentration and electrical conductivity were enhanced, yielding a much improved power factor of 5.3 × 10-4 W m-1 K-2 at 823 K; lattice thermal conductivity was significantly reduced by enhanced phonon scattering. A low, temperature-stable thermal conductivity of 2.6 W m-1 K-1 was achieved, leading to a ZT value of 0.17 at 873 K for compositions with x = 0.06, the highest ZT value reported for single Nb-doped TiO2 ceramics without the use of spark plasma sintering (SPS). We demonstrate the control of the thermoelectric properties of Nb-doped TiO2 ceramics through the development of balanced defect structures, which could guide the development of future oxide thermoelectric materials.

Controlling the Thermoelectric Properties of Nb-Doped TiO2 Ceramics through Engineering Defect Structures.

An extremely close relationship exists between energy usage and water supply with a tremendous amount of energy being consumed to process water for drinking and other purposes. The current energy crisis and inefficient water management place enormous stress on the sustainability of our society and environment. As such, the development of high-efficiency, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly materials which possess co-existing functionalities for applications ranging from energy capture to water treatment in one material, provides an opportunity to achieve sustainable development. As multifunctional materials, the layer-structured Magneli titanium oxides with stoichiometry of TinO2n−1 (n ≥ 2) have been extensively studied in view of their potential for photocatalytic, thermoelectric and photothermal applications over the past few years. This group of materials occurs naturally as layered structures with planar oxygen defects, however, understanding of the correlation between the planar arrangements of the oxygen defects and various energy-related properties remains limited. Here, we demonstrate how the formation of layer structured TinO2n−1 with various planar oxygen defect arrangements correlates with the changes of their physical and chemical properties. The experimental results from inelastic neutron scattering analysis and electrical characterizations provide evidence that the planar oxygen defects are responsible for phonon scattering and exert a strong influence on their electrical conductivities. Manipulating these planar defects allows interconversion between different phases, which changes the interplay between electronic and phononic sub-systems. These manipulations potentially enable optimization of the corresponding physical properties of these materials such that they are rendered suitable for applications that require co-operative multifunctionality. More specifically, the experimental results demonstrate that the valence band positions and the onset potentials in the materials are raised, further enhancing their ability for catalysis of electrochemical reactions. This work also demonstrates the combinational effects of the thermoelectric and photothermal properties of these materials on their photocatalytic and electrochemical performance thereby providing a novel means of controlling the multi-response functionality of these materials for a variety of applications in different environments.

Manipulation of planar oxygen defect arrangements in multifunctional magnèli titanium oxide hybrid systems: from energy conversion to water treatment

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Manipulation of planar oxygen defect arrangements in multifunctional magnèli titanium oxide hybrid systems: from energy conversion to water treatment