A cellular earth confinement material having texturized surfaces in the cells provides improved structural integrity and reduced long-term settlement in single layer and multilayer filled cell structures. The texturized earth confinement structures can be used with a wide variety of fill materials including sand, soil, cement, asphalt and gravel. The optimum texture of the surface varies depending on the size, shape, and type of fill particles, and the density of the fill.

Texturized cell material for confinement of concrete and earth materials

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a drilling tool includes a tubular body defining a longitudinal axial cavity extending therethrough and defining at least one cutter element recess. The drilling tool also includes a cutter element at least partially disposed within the at least one cutter element recess and includes at least first and second cutting arms at least substantially disposed within the cutter element recess in a retracted position. The first and second cutting arms are operable to move from the retracted position to an extended position in which the first and second cutting arms extend at least partially beyond a periphery of the tubular body. The first and second cutting arms and the tubular body enclose a space when the first and second cutting arms are in the extended position.

Reaming and stabilization tool and method for its use in a borehole

Provided is a drilling tool that includes a tubular body defining a longitudinal axial cavity extending therethrough The tubular body also defines at least one radial guidance channel extending radially from the axial cavity through the tubular body A cutter element is disposed in the at least one radial guidance channel and includes an internal surface inclined at an angle to a longitudinal axis of the tubular body The drilling tool also includes a wedge element having an external surface configured to engage the internal surface of the cutter element and to direct the cutter element from a retracted position to an extended position as the wedge element moves from a first position to a second position

Underreaming and stabilizing tool and method for its use

A method and a structure for stabilizing a formation of natural substrate having a substantially vertical face. A tendon is inserted into a hole in the formation. A heading device includes a plate, a tube, an adhesive material within the tube, and an anchor. The plate has a bore disposed over a protruding portion of the tendon. The tube is disposed over the protruding portion of the plate. An adhesive material is disposed within the tube to couple the tendon to the tube. The anchor is coupled to the plate. A final concrete facing is placed over the entire heading device embedding the anchor.

Soil nail apparatus

Apparatus and an associated method for forming a pier in a soil matrix (28) includes a hollow tube (38) with a restricted expansion section (20) connected to and adjacent a soil penetrating bottom head element (22) which is configured to facilitate discharge of pier forming material such as grout. An expansion device (26) in the form of an expandable bladder or expandable mechanical device is positioned along a section of the length of the restricted expansion section (20). The hollow tube structure is inserted into a soil matrix with the expansion device in the retracted condition. Subsequently, the expansion device is expanded to enlarge the formed cavity in the soil matrix. Then grout or other pier forming material is injected into the cavity as the expansion device is retracted or deflated and as the hollow tube structure is raised incrementally to form a pier with one or more uniquely shaped lifts.

Method for construction of piers in soil and a pier construction

The invention contemplates an earth-anchor or the like structural reference which is cast in cementatious filling at the installation site and which relies upon a particularly characterized bored cavity in the underground medium to permit primary reliance upon the confined compressive strength of the medium, thereby substantially increasing the load capacity of the reference, as compared to prior constructions. To achieve this result, the bored cavity is characterized by one or more wall surfaces of relatively uniform slope with respect to the axis of the bore, the slope being dependent upon the particular medium. The invention is described in application to a foundation pile or caisson, and to an earth anchor, to illustrate compressional and tensional uses.

Method of making a high-capacity earthbound structural reference

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Method of making a high-capacity earthbound structural reference