Chitosan-coated cotton fiber composite for efficient toxic dye encapsulation from aqueous media

The prevalence of dyes in aquatic environments raises severe concerns on a global scale. Methyl orange (MO) is a typical anionic organic dye, which is widely used in industrial wastewater such as textile and paper making. Then the treatment of water contaminated with dyes is an important aspect. The recent decade has witnessed adsorption technology emerging as an advanced dye wastewater treatment with great potential and a grand blueprint, in which the specific surface area and active sites of the adsorbent are considered to be the two most important characteristics largely impacting the adsorption performance. In this study, chitosan-treated nanocomposite was prepared as an effective adsorbent for the removal of MO from contaminated water. The dye removal parameter was performed according to the solution acidity, reaction time, initial concentration, competing for ion affinity, maximum adsorption capacity, and reuse with potential use. The solution pH played a key role in MO dye removal and a suitable pH of 7.0 was selected according to high adsorption ability. The adsorption results were highly fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the maximum adsorption was 172.17 mg/g. The results revealed that introducing chitosan could improve the adsorption capacity and rate effectively even though sacrificing part of specific surface areas of the cotton, indicating that active sites might play a dominant role during the MO adsorption. In addition, the fabricated nanocomposite adsorbent was recycled rapidly by the eluent and regenerated simultaneously, which exhibited the advantages of easy operation as a potentially cost-effective material. The chitosan-based nanocomposite displayed high reusability based on the elution and simultaneous regeneration ability. Therefore, as a cheap green nanocomposite adsorbent with high adsorption performance for MO, chitosan-based fibrous nanocomposite adsorbent is expected to become one of the best candidate materials for future industrial wastewater treatment. 

Optimization of toxic dye removal from contaminated water using chitosan-grafted novel nanocomposite adsorbent

The selective adsorption of certain dye components from mixed solutions may be desired for potential recovery and reuse. In this review, the recent works in this field have been compressively summarized. The dyes investigated in selective adsorption processes have been summarized, and the analysis methods as well as indexes for the evaluation of selective adsorption performances were discussed. After that, the recent works concerning selective adsorption were classified and discussed based on the different separation mechanisms, including charge-dependent separation, size-dependent separation, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, proton migration, time-dependent separation, chemical precipitation, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, the impacts of operational and environmental factors including the solution pH, inorganic salts, the initial dye concentration, the adsorption temperature, the adsorption time, and the concentration ratio of dye components on the selective adsorption performances as well as regeneration of the adsorbents were discussed. This review further highlights the current achievements and hurdles for selective dye adsorption process, and also proposes recommendations for future works, including more attention to effects of operational and environmental factors, more theoretical calculations as well as the development of low-cost adsorbents and new separation mechanisms. • Recent advances in selective adsorption of dyes were reviewed. • The methods and indexes to evaluate adsorption selectivity were summarized. • Various separation mechanisms to achieve selective adsorption were discussed. • The impacts of different factors on adsorption selectivity were summarized. • The challenges and recommendations for future works were proposed. 

A Review on Selective Dye Adsorption by Different Mechanisms

Excessive levels of dyes and heavy metals in water sources have long been a source of concern, posing significant environmental and public health threats. However, adsorption is a feasible technique for removing dye contaminants and heavy metals from water due to its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and easy operation. Numerous researchers in batch studies extensively evaluated various adsorbents such as natural materials, and agriculture-derived and industrial wastes; however, large-scale application is still missing. Nanotechnology is a novel approach that has arisen as one of the most versatile and cost-effective ways for dye and heavy metal removal. Its promotion on large-scale applications to investigate technological, fiscal, and environmental aspects for wastewater decontamination is particularly important. This review critically reviews wastewater treatment techniques, emphasizing the adsorption process and highlighting the most effective parameters: solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. In addition, a comprehensive, up-to-date list of potentially effective low-cost adsorbents and nano-sorbents for the removal of dyes and heavy metals has been compiled. Finally, the challenges towards the practical application of the adsorption process based on various adsorbents have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and our suggested future perspectives are proposed.

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Recent advances in dye and metal ion removal using efficient adsorbents and novel nano-based materials: an overview

The performance of poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite (poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B) hydrogel to adsorb methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated and the adsorption efficiency was improved by incorporating Cloisite 30B nanoclays in the adsorbent structure. The hydrogels were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM analysis. The effect of adsorbent dose, temperature, initial dye concentration, contact time, and pH on the efficiency of the adsorption process was investigated. Adsorption efficiencies of 98.57 and 97.65% were obtained for poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B nanocomposite and poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels, respectively. Kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetic model and α-parameter values of 6.558 and 1.113 mg/g.min were obtained for poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B nanocomposite and poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels, respectively indicating a higher ability of nanocomposite hydrogel in adsorbing MB-dye. In addition, the results of the intra-particle diffusion model showed that various mechanisms such as intra-particle diffusion and liquid film penetration are important in the adsorption. The Gibbs free energy parameter of adsorption process showed negative values of −256.52 and −84.071 J/mol.K for poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B nanocomposite and poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels indicating spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The results of enthalpy and entropy showed that the adsorption process was exothermic and random collisions were reduced during the adsorption. The equilibrium data for the adsorption process using poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B nanocomposite and poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels followed Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity values of 32.83 and 21.92 mg/g were obtained for poly(MAA-co-AAm)/Cl30B nanocomposite and poly(MAA-co-AAm) hydrogels, respectively. Higher adsorption capacity of nanocomposite hydrogel was attributed to the presence of Cloisite 30B clay nanoparticles in its structure. In addition, results of RL, n, and E parameters showed that the adsorption process was performed optimally and physically. 

Adsorption ability evaluation of the poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/cloisite 30B nanocomposite hydrogel as a new adsorbent for cationic dye removal.

Superior selective adsorption of MgO with abundant oxygen vacancies to removal and recycle reactive dyes

A Regenerable Cu2O/BiOBr S-scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Mixed Organic Pollutants

Oxygen vacancies-rich Cu-W18O49 nanorods supported on reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical reduction ofN2to NH3.

The Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of the Amorphous Carbon/Mgo Nanofibers: Insight into the Role of the Oxygen Vacancies and 1d Morphology

Which is the photocatalytic efficiency better the g-C3N4 on surface or carbon microspheres on surface in carbon microspheres/g-C3N4?

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