Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro-environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention and obtain an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior, uptake and translocation of Cd in soil-rice systems. However, to date, these aspects still lack sufficient exploration and summary. Here, we critically reviewed (i) the processes and transfer proteins of Cd uptake/transport in the soil-rice system, (ii) a series of soil and other environmental factors affecting the bioavailability of Cd in paddies, and (iii) the latest advances in regard to remediation strategies while producing rice. We propose that the correlation between the bioavailability of Cd and environmental factors must be further explored to develop low Cd accumulation and efficient remediation strategies in the future. Second, the mechanism of Cd uptake in rice mediated by elevated CO2 also needs to be given more attention. Meanwhile, more scientific planting methods (direct seeding and intercropping) and suitable rice with low Cd accumulation are important measures to ensure the safety of rice consumption. In addition, the relevant Cd efflux transporters in rice have yet to be revealed, which will promote molecular breeding techniques to address the current Cd-contaminated soil-rice system. The potential for efficient, durable, and low-cost soil remediation technologies and foliar amendments to limit Cd uptake by rice needs to be examined in the future. Conventional breeding procedures combined with molecular marker techniques for screening rice varieties with low Cd accumulation could be a more practical approach to select for desirable agronomic traits with low risk.

Exploring the mechanism of Cd uptake and translocation in rice: Future perspectives of rice safety.

A Review of Mercury Uptake, Transport and Bioaccumulation in Rice

In a previous study, transgenic potato plants overexpressing the StDREB1 or the VvWRKY2 transcription factor (TF) proved to have higher productivity and ameliorated tuber quality in comparison to wildtype (WT; the BF15 variety) plants. Interestingly, when stored at 4 °C, we noticed that the tubers of transgenic potato plants exhibited a delay in sprouting, hence a longer dormancy period. Therefore, we decided to study the dormancy and sprouting of these tubers (the two transgenic and the WT lines) through a physiological and biochemical characterization. WT and genetically modified (GM) tubers were stored at 4 °C for different periods (0, 30, 90, 180, and 240 days) followed by placing them in a germination chamber and the sprouting parameters were then monitored. According to our findings, the overexpression of these two TFs led to modifications in the sprouting kinetic of tubers through an extension of the dormancy period and changes in the sprouting process. Indeed, WT tubers emitted apical and lateral sprouts while those from GM plants showed mainly apical sprouts. In addition, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) rates, indicators of tuber aging, were recorded in WT tubers compared to GM ones. The higher antioxidant enzyme activities in GM tubers seem to be responsible for aging modification in comparison to WT. The above results suggest the first report on new roles of the StDREB1 and VvWRKY2 TF which seemed to be involved in the regulation of potato tuber aging via a reduction of the main biochemical factors concentration and the ROS content leading to a longer dormancy period and a modified sprouting pattern. 

New potential roles of StDREB1 and VvWRKY2 transcription factors in potato dormancy and sprouting patterns.

Effect of Iron Plaque on Gaseous Elemental Mercury Uptake, Translocation, and Volatilization by Paddy Rice

Effects of Natural Diffused Light Storage on Highland Seed Potatoes and Subsequent Field Performance in Lowland

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Effect of Iron Plaque on Gaseous Elemental Mercury Uptake, Translocation, and Volatilization by Paddy Rice

Effects of Natural Diffused Light Storage on Highland Seed Potatoes and Subsequent Field Performance in Lowland