Publisher Summary This chapter explores fullerene thin films as photovoltaic material. Carbon is a unique element existing in a wide variety of stable forms ranging from insulator/semiconducting diamond to metallic graphite. Crystals and thin films of pristine C60 are found to exhibit n-type semiconductor-like behavior in their optical and electronic properties while, at the same time, retaining their molecular character. The chapter reviews structure, properties, and prospects of fullerene thin films for photovoltaics and presents a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art and future directions of fullerene-based solar cell research. Special attention is paid to the excitonic mechanism of photogeneration in these devices that requires a sophisticated nanostructural engineering of fullerene-based photovoltaic materials and devices compromising the requirements of thin photo-active layers with an effective light absorption, photogeneration, and transport of free carriers. Examples of device architecture that may satisfy these challenging requirements include fullerene/amorphous carbon multiheterojunctions and quantum wells, fullerene/conjugated polymer bulk heterojunctions with controlled morphology, “double-cable” donor-acceptor systems, fullerene/phthalocyanine p–i–n single and multijunctions, carbon nanotube, and quantum dots based solar cells. Efficiencies of 5% have now been reported. Based on current trends efficiency up to 10% appears to be within reach in the near future.

Fullerene Thin Films as Photovoltaic Material

Perovskite oxides exhibit bifunctional activity for both oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER), making them prime candidates for energy conversion in applications like fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Their intrinsic catalytic prowess, combined with low-cost, abundance, and diversity, positions them as compelling alternatives to noble metal and metal oxides catalysts. This review encapsulates the nuances of perovskite oxide structures and synthesis techniques, providing insight into pivotal active sites that underscore their bifunctional behavior. The focus centers on the breakthroughs surrounding lanthanum (La) and strontium (Sr)-based perovskite oxides, specifically their roles in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). An introduction to the mechanisms of ORR and OER is provided. Moreover, the light is shed on strategies and determinants central to optimizing the bifunctional performance of La and Sr-based perovskite oxides.

Strategic Design and Insights into Lanthanum and Strontium Perovskite Oxides for Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

DFT study of the spin glass and ferrimagnetism in quadruple perovskites CaCu3B2Ir2O12 (B = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) for spintronic applications

A new oxide, LaMn3Co2Mn2O12, was synthesized under high-pressure (7 GPa) and high-temperature (1423 K) conditions. The compound crystallizes in an AA′3B4O12-type quadruple perovskite structure with...

High-Pressure Synthesis of a B-site Co2+/Mn4+ Disordered Quadruple Perovskite LaMn3Co2Mn2O12.

Ambient pressure synthesis and magnetic properties of La[Cu3−xMnx][Mn4−yTiy]O12 (x = 0 & 1; y = 0.5 & 1) quadruple perovskite

High-pressure synthesis of A-site ordered perovskite CaMn3(Fe3Mn)O12 and sequential long-range antiferromagnetic ordering and spin glass transition

The electrical and structural properties of C60/Sb bilayers were investigated. In situ direct-current conductivity measurement results indicate that the doping of Sb into C60 induces the C60 order-disorder phase transition temperature to increase to ~278 K. According to the results of a transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscope study, such a transition (near 278 K) implies the formation of an interfacial structure of Sb-doped C60. Annealing and the absorption of gases destroy the interfacial structure of Sb-doped C60. A possible mechanism for such a phase transition is discussed.

Study of the conductance and structure characteristics of C60/Sb bilayers

A new 3d–5d hybridization oxide, CaCu3Mn2Os2O12 (CCMOO), was prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature synthesis methods. The compound crystallizes to an A-site-ordered but B-site-disordered q...

Near-Room-Temperature Ferrimagnetic Ordering in a B-Site-Disordered 3d-5d-Hybridized Quadruple Perovskite Oxide, CaCu3Mn2Os2O12.

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High-pressure synthesis of A-site ordered perovskite CaMn3(Fe3Mn)O12 and sequential long-range antiferromagnetic ordering and spin glass transition

Study of the conductance and structure characteristics of C60/Sb bilayers

Near-Room-Temperature Ferrimagnetic Ordering in a B-Site-Disordered 3d-5d-Hybridized Quadruple Perovskite Oxide, CaCu3Mn2Os2O12.