Examining pedestrian satisfaction in gated and open communities: An integration of gradient boosting decision trees and impact-asymmetry analysis

Despite the successful implementation of metros in densely populated Indian cities, only scant attention has been paid by government officials, planners and researchers to improving pedestrian accessibility to metro stations. The present study attempts to explore the impact of various microscale built environmental factors on pedestrian satisfaction with regard to access to metro stations, gathering comprehension into design strategies and policy interventions that can improve pedestrian access. Personal interviews were conducted among metro users living in the vicinity of metro stations in Delhi, India. Information was collected on individual, household and trip characteristics and attitude of people on various environmental factors affecting pedestrian access to the metro. The database collected was analyzed by developing structural equation models. It has been found that four latent constructs affect the perception of pedestrian access to metro stations: safety and security; comfort and convenience; mobility and infrastructure, and traffic factors. Among all the latent constructs, safety and security is the most influential factor regarding pedestrian access, suggesting that it should be explicitly considered as the main factor for understanding the pedestrian access to metro stations. The findings of the study not only call on researchers to explore an inclusive set of environmental and psychological factors affecting pedestrian accessibility to metro stations, but also to understand various aspects of people’s satisfaction in using pedestrian facilities, and in addition for the planners to endorse various design perspectives that will generate a more acceptable and satisfactory pedestrian environment around the metro stations.

Influence of microscale environmental factors on perceived walk accessibility to metro stations

This article reports an investigation on the importance of various transfer facility attributes in and around metro stations and their derived ranking with reference to a case study in the city of Kolkata, India. A paper-based survey instrument was designed and responses in terms of rating on a five-point Likert-type ordinal scale were collected from metro commuters in Kolkata. The data were analyzed using three established methods, namely, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), RIDIT analysis, and gray relation analysis (GRA), in order to understand the variation, if any, in the derived rankings of attributes obtained from these methods. A comparison of rankings obtained from these methods using Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficients indicates a positive rank order relationship among all the three methods. The results consistently indicate commuters’ priority on qualitative attributes of transfer facility and contradict the common belief that the metro fa...

Commuters’ Perception towards Transfer Facility Attributes in and Around Metro Stations: Experience in Kolkata

This pilot study had two major research goals. The first goal was to develop a perception-based composite walkability index, with which researchers could evaluate the microlevel quality of the walking environment in an objective and systematic way. The second goal was to test the impact of microlevel walkability on mode choices, including walking as a travel option. For the development of a perception-based composite walkability index, a case study was conducted in the station area near the downtown of Mountain View, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Three surveys were conducted: a walker perception survey, a station user survey, and a street survey measuring microlevel walkability. A series of regression models was performed with the perception scores from surveyed transit users on the basis of their access trips to the station and with the objective microlevel walkability measured from their routes. The final outcome was a new formula for a composite walkability index. On the basis of the resul...

Perception-Based Walkability Index to Test Impact of Microlevel Walkability on Sustainable Mode Choice Decisions

Many previous works suggested that visual indicators could be used to predict landscape preferences. Most works, however, judged the visual indicators by a subjective method, which was criticized for lack of standardization in methodology, nontransparent application of values, and lack of replicability. This paper studied the relationships between landscape preferences and 10 visual indicators, among which seven indicators were evaluated by an objective measurement. Another three indicators (years of history heritages, number of landscape elements, and impression) were evaluated by a subjective method because they depend on a human’s perception. The landscape preferences were judged by undergraduate students based on the stimuli of 30 photographs taken in the two cities of Hangzhou and Suzhou in the east of China. The results show that students prefer landscape with historical heritage of 200–600 years, moderate impression, approximately 60% of open land cover and 45% of water body cover, lower pl...

Effects of Visual Indicators on Landscape Preferences

This study intends to explore people’s satisfaction with sidewalk environments and to examine its association with emotional perceptions and physical components. A perception survey was taken to evaluate the emotional perceptions of 20 sidewalk environments with 105 participants. Two perception factors were identified as harmoniousness and openness through factor analysis. Then, a path model was tested to examine the relationship among satisfaction, identified perception factors, and physical components of sidewalk environments. The path model demonstrates a good fit with the data. Furthermore, the results show that overall satisfaction is more strongly directly affected by perception factors than by physical components. The indirect effects of physical components on overall satisfaction through emotional perceptions are much more than the direct effect. This study provides a useful method to connect emotional perceptions and physical components of and overall satisfaction with the sidewalk environments simultaneously. With refinements of the perception survey, the method can be a powerful tool to inform urban planners and designers of what should be priority aspects when designing the sidewalk environment.

Exploring Determinants of Pedestrians’ Satisfaction with Sidewalk Environments: Case Study in Korea

Driving on the curved road is a common task that many drivers routinely performed, but there is an underlying impact on driver behavior and vehicle maneuverability. Previous studies have shown that driving performance (speed and acceleration) and visual performance (gaze and Useful Field of View (UFOV)), can be critical components of curve analysis. However, with the change of road conditions, there are increasing safety concerns for the driving environment required to determine vehicle safety maneuverability. In this study, we examined how different curved roads influence concurrent-driver driving behavior and vehicle maneuvering performance along a simulated continuously curved road. Twenty-eight participants of different ages and occupations were invited to participate. A structural equation model was established to represent how the road geometry influences driving performance and vehicle maneuverability. The results showed that there are clear differences in driving behavior and vehicle maneuvering performance between the curved road groups. Driver will suffer a more complex driving environment, and must observe more objects, which will result in increasing lane position errors, gazing, and workload, while decreasing speed, acceleration and UFOV.

Analysis of Vehicle Maneuverability and Driving Characteristics on a Curved Road Condition

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Exploring Determinants of Pedestrians’ Satisfaction with Sidewalk Environments: Case Study in Korea

Analysis of Vehicle Maneuverability and Driving Characteristics on a Curved Road Condition