The construction of ecological security pattern is one of the important ways to alleviate the contradiction between economic development and ecological protection, as well as the important contents of ecological civilization construction. How to scientifically construct the ecological security pattern of small-scale counties, and achieve sustainable economic development based on ecological environment protection, it has become an important proposition in regulating the ecological process effectively. Taking Fengxian County of China as an example, this paper selected the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity to evaluate the ecological importance and identify ecological sources. Furthermore, we constructed the ecological resistance surface by various landscape assignments and nighttime lighting modifications. Through a minimum cumulative resistance model, we obtained ecological corridors and finally constructed the ecological security pattern comprehensively combining with ecological resistance surface construction. Accordingly, we further clarified the specific control measures for ecological security barriers and regional functional zoning. This case study shows that the ecological security pattern is composed of ecological sources and corridors, where the former plays an important security role, and the latter ensures the continuity of ecological functions. In terms of the spatial layout, the ecological security barriers built based on ecological security pattern and regional zoning functions are away from the urban core development area. As for the spatial distribution, ecological sources of Fengxian County are mainly located in the central and southwestern areas, which is highly coincident with the main rivers and underground drinking water source area. Moreover, key corridors and main corridors with length of approximately 115.71 km and 26.22 km, respectively, formed ecological corridors of Fengxian County. They are concentrated in the western and southwestern regions of the county which is far away from the built-up areas with strong human disturbance. The results will provide scientific evidence for important ecological land protection and ecological space control at a small scale in underdeveloped and plain counties. In addition, it will enrich the theoretical framework and methodological system of ecological security pattern construction. To some extent, it also makes a reference for improving the regional ecological environment carrying capacities and optimizing the ecological spatial structure in such kinds of underdeveloped small-scale counties.

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Construction of ecological security pattern based on the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity assessment: a case study in Fengxian County of Jiangsu Province, China

Assessing spatial vulnerability from rapid urbanization to inform coastal urban regional planning

Evaluation of sustainability is the core of research on sustainable land use. To a certain extent, traditional social, economic and ecological evaluation for sustainable land use can be regarded as an appraisal on the temporal scale without evaluation of spatial patterns. Landscape ecology can help to realize spatial evaluation for sustainable land use. In this paper, we construct landscape ecological indicators for evaluating sustainable coastal land use from the aspects of landscape productivity, threats and stability, to realize a synthetic temporal-spatial evaluation. These cover the five pillars of sustainable land use, i.e. productivity, security, protection, viability and acceptability. The results of applying landscape ecological evaluation to a case study in Wudi County in China show that land use sustainability is somewhat low and there are great regional differences between its 11 villages. We classified the 11 villages into 5 grades: strong sustainable land use, sustainable land use, weak sust...

Evaluation for sustainable land use in coastal areas: A landscape ecological prospect

The occurrence and migration of heavy metal in coastal aquifer incorporating tidal effects were investigated in detail by the field geological survey and observation. The continuous groundwater sampling, field observation (for groundwater potentiometric surface elevation, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity), and laboratory analysis (for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentration) were conducted through eight monitoring wells located around the landfill in the northern part of Chongming Island, China. The results showed that the unconfined aquifer medium was estuary-littoral facies deposit of Holocene, mainly gray clayey silt and grey sandy silt, and the groundwater flow was mainly controlled by topography condition of the aquifer formation strike. The background values of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Chongming Island were 3.10 ± 3.09, 0.81 ± 0.25, 1.48 ± 1.09, 43.32 ± 33.06, 0.08 ± 0.16, and 0.88 ± 1.74 μg/L, respectively. Compared with the groundwater samples around the study area, the drinking water was qualified and was free from the seawater intrusion/estuarine facies contaminant encroachment. Pollutant discharge was reflected in water quality parameters, the Cr and Cu concentrations elevated to the peak of 50.07 and 46.00 μg/L, respectively, and meanwhile specific migration regularity was embodied in observation time series as well as other elements. This migration regularity was not fully identical according to correlations between these analyzed elements. Ambient watery environment, anthropogenic disturbance, regional hydrogeological condition, and biogeochemical reactivity on heavy metals reduced/altered the significance of elements correlation in the migration pathway in coastal aquifer.

Geochemical characterization and heavy metal migration in a coastal polluted aquifer incorporating tidal effects: field investigation in Chongming Island, China

Driving Mechanism Analysis of Landscape Pattern Change in the Lower Reach of Liaohe River Plain Based on GIS-Logistic Coupling Model

Based on GIS technology, the MSS image in 1978 and the TM images in 1986, 1990, 1995 and 1999 were used to study the landscape spatial changes in Shenzhen during the past two decades. The results showed that the regional landscape in Shenzhen changed dramatically, from a typical agricultural landscape to a rapidly urbanizing landscape. The percentage of cultivated land decreased from 31.06% to 2.67%, while that of built-up area increased from 0.33% to 22.52%. The landscape diversity index showed a tendency of increase in 1978-1995, followed by a decrease in 1999. The index of landscape contagion decreased firstly and then increased, and the landscape fragmentation index increased from 0.0042 to 0.0073. Modified fractal dimension index showed the same tendency as landscape contagion index. Human activity was the main driving factor for landscape change. The change of geometry shape of landscape patches was driven by the economic interests of individual economic cells, and that of spatial configuration of landscape components was associated with the allocation of industries. The diversity of the whole landscape was mainly associated with the natural and ecological conditions such as topography and landform, while its change was strongly affected by the whole level of social and economic development.

Landscape spatial changes in Shenzhen and their driving factors

Ecological development is an important research topic about shoaly land in China. In this article, we will first discuss the scale issues of shoaly land development, which will be followed by a brief review of exploitation of shoaly land in China. Then we will outline some problems on recent exploitation of shoaly land in China at different spatial scales. Finally, we will examine the main characteristics of ecological development approaches on shoaly land in China at different scales, such as region, farm, and plot. We will also analyze the different ecological processes of these approaches, including rundle development of shoaly land, dike-pond system, multipurpose utilization of brine pan, and shrimp pool tridimensional cultivation, and their socioeconomic benefits.

Ecological Development of Coastal Areas in China

Since 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, a great deal of researches on the exploitation of shoaly land, which is considered as an important kind of land reserves in China, have been done in China. With reference to the published papers and some conference presentations, almost 52 years' history of shoaly land research in China will be elaborated in the paper. Firstly, an outline of the distribution and exploitation situation on shoaly land is presented. Secondly, based on the analysis of the research progress we have achieved in the past, a systematic research framework in the future for shoaly land is developed from multi-disciplinary point of view. In our opinion, the study of shoaly land in China can be divided into two stages with the separation point of the late 1980's. The earlier period centered on the general investigation of the basic conditions of shoaly land. The latter is a period with many multi-disciplinary researches, during which there has been specialization on theoretical research and technological breakthroughs, initiating the public participation in the management of shoaly land development. As to the further research, we propose a two-level research framework on shoaly land in China, namely, basic research and applied research. Basic research includes the research on basic conception, dynamic evolution, and developing theories. Applied research is divided into three categories, social research, economic research, and ecological research. Finally, some priorities of the researches are pointed out which should be given special attention, such as statistical caliber, dynamic monitoring, legislation, administration system, public participation, industrial development policy, resource grading and evaluation, and environmental impact assessment.

Research progress and proposed framework for shoaly land in China

Littoral zone is a special land/ landscape type. As an important kind of land resource in support, the use of littoral zone is vital to eastern coastal areas in China. And the research on littoral zone relates to the key theory of landscape ecology. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the littoral zone was divided into four types: mud flat, sand beach, bench, and biological flat. The distribution of each type in China is pointed out. As a typical open system, littoral zone has six landscape ecological characteristics: (1) high sensitivity to disturbance; (2) distinct edge effect; (3) spatial aggregation of natural resources; (4) frequently spatial oscillation; (5) obviously spatial heterogeneity; and (6) noticeably spatial differentiation. Some proposals are also put forward on the land use and development of littoral zone for environmental protection and environmental management.

Landscape eco-environmental research on littoral zone in China.

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Landscape spatial changes in Shenzhen and their driving factors

Ecological Development of Coastal Areas in China

Research progress and proposed framework for shoaly land in China

Landscape eco-environmental research on littoral zone in China.