Factors affecting optical dispersion in borate glass systems

Within fiber optics, plastic optical fibers (POFs) have always had to take a back seat due to their relatively high loss. This kept them as a specialty fiber for illumination, sensing and low speed short data links. However, continued research and development on the core materials used in POFs are improving their performance significantly as we are now able to manufacture POFs with low transmission loss, high temperature resistance and stable bandwidth over distance. The improved performance, the ease of installation and the low cost of POFs has led to a renewed interest in these fibers. This review looks at the material developments that have and continue to improve the optical loss factors in POFs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms are discussed. In particular the intrinsic loss mechanisms are reviewed in greater detail. Intrinsic losses are associated with the chemical and physical structure of the fiber materials, while extrinsic losses are related to losses due to contaminants and various production imperfections.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2053-1591/1/3/032002/pdf

Approaches to mitigate polymer-core loss in plastic optical fibers: a review

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is substantially developing optical sensing approaches that have been working in a wide range of applications, such as biological...

Plasmonics: A Necessity in the Field of Sensing-A Review (Invited)

\n This study has simulated the spatial optical transceiver system based on measured index multimode optical plastic fibers channel with 1 Tb/s in 1.5 km distance. These plastic optical fibers are simply step index polycarbonate, step index polystyrene, step index polymethylmethacrylate, graded index polymethylmethacrylate and graded index cyclic transparent optical fiber (GI-CYTOP). Maximum Q-factor, optical signal power at optical fiber channel, receiver sensitivity, and coupling coefficient for sample of modes are measured based on GI-CYTOP fiber for the comparison between the previous model and the proposed model. This study clarified the enhancement of both maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity even though at high signal losses. The optimized Q-factor and receiver sensitivity are obtained for various plastic optical fiber channels. Power intensity level of dominant mode–based GI-CYTOP fiber channel is measured. The proposed model has presented better performance based on GI-CYTOP fiber channel in maximum Q-factor, which is within the percentage ratio ranging from 45.65 to 53.26%, optical signal power is within the percentage ratio ranging from 32.87 to 44.77%, and receiver sensitivity is within the percentage ratio ranging from 6.3 to 12.26% than the previous model at transmission distance ranges from 500 to 1500 m and bit rate of 2.5 Gb/s. GI-CYTOP fiber clarified better performance in maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity response better than other plastic optical fibers channels.

Spatial optical transceiver system–based key solution for high data rates in measured index multimode optical fibers for indoor applications

Multimode optical fibers with a large core diameter and high numerical aperture are disclosed herein Multimode optical fibers disclosed herein comprise a core region having a radius greater than 30 microns and a cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to the core region, the cladding region comprising a depressed-index annular portion comprising a depressed relative refractive index The depressed cladding region is surrounded by a titania doped cladding region The fiber has a total outer diameter of less than 120 microns, and exhibits an overfilled bandwidth at 850 nm greater than 200 MHz-km

High numerical aperture multimode optical fiber

Optical fibers having novel refractive index profiles are disclosed. Optical fibers in accordance with the invention are especially useful for application in telecommunication applications such as networks. Processes for the preparation of optical fibers are also disclosed.

Graded index optical fibers

Optical fibers having novel refractive index profiles are disclosed Optical fibers in accordance with the invention are especially useful for application in telecommunication applications such as networks Processes for the preparation of optical fibers are also disclosed

Method for the preparation of optical fibers

Nonlinear optical processes in ic-electron organic and polymer systems have attracted considerable study because their fundamental understanding has led to observations of new phenomena and new theoretical findings and to the development of new materials and devices of considerable promise1 The ic-electron excitations occurring on the individual molecular, or polymer chain, units are the basic origin of the observed large nonresonant nonlinear optical coefficients The coefficients are broad band and ultrafast, and, as shown by theory and experiment, their sign, magnitude, and dispersion are determined by many-body electron correlation effects1 The field has now arrived at a critical crossroad to realize actual technological applications Table 1 summarizes many of the key features of nonlinear optical polymers Activities have increasingly centered on high performance materials that comply with device manufacturing and end-use conditions The main attractions for applications remain the low cost, practical materials processing associated with polymer films, fibers, and bulk components In an important recent development in data communications networks, a new application area may be emerging for optical polymer materials in the form of high band width polymer optical fibers (POF) In this review, we briefly summarize several recent developments in organic nonlinear optics The summary is intended to illustrate the rich variety of developments in the field The topics include exciton strings, photoactive proteins, polymer optical fibers for data communications, two photon states in third order optical processes, electrooptic polymers, photorefractive polymers, octopolar organometallic complexes, and multigigahertz electrooptic modulators

Recent progress in organic nonlinear optics

Conjugated organic molecules and polymer systems are of interest due to the delocalized (pi) -electron systems which give rise to large values of (chi) (3)(-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ), with extremely fast response times, in wavelength regimes where there is minimal background absorption. We have previously presented theoretical results demonstrating that (chi) (3)(-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ) can be further increased for nonlinear optical processes originating from real population of electronic excited states in conjugated linear chains. In this paper, a dynamical model is developed for the time evolution of the degenerate four wave mixing susceptibility (gamma) (-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ).© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Excited state dynamics of the third-order nonlinear optical response in diphenylhexatriene

In the past decade, self mode-locking was reported for a number of different semiconductor lasers. In contrast to theoretical predictions of the Haus master equation, there was no effective saturable absorber mechanism present to stabilize mode-locking. This deficiency has led to numerous discussions on the validity of the self mode-locking and FM comb reports. Here we now offer a theoretical explanation for self mode-locking, based on the Haus master equation, which identifies three different solution regimes, depending on the complex sign of the nonlinearity. For a pure dissipative nonlinearity, we see the well-known regimes of phase turbulence and mode-locking. For a predominant reactive nonlinearity, however, we find a previously unreported locking mechanism between adjacent modes. In this regime, phases fluctuate, but remain bounded within a phase interval, i.e., a frequency lock rather than a phase lock emerges. While the total power remains perfectly constant, the power in the individual modes is heavily fluctuating, giving rise to the formation of a quasi-periodic breather. This breathing mechanism continuously transfers energy from the spectral center into the wings and back again. Slowly increasing the phase nonlinearity, one sees a threshold-like onset of the frequency locking mechanism, which is indicated by sudden collapse of the intermode beatnote width and an increase of the coherence to near-unity values. While internal phase space dynamics are clearly chaotic, all observables of the system, including autocorrelations and rf spectra show little indication for this highly dynamic scenario. This unusual mode-locking mechanism is probably best understood as the liquid state of mode-locking in between the gaseous phase turbulence and the condensation into a solid soliton state. This previously unrecognized mechanism explains peculiar reports on mode-locking without an apparent saturable absorption mechanism and suggests the high utility of FM combs in the frequency domain, in particular for dual comb spectroscopy. 

Demystifying FM comb formation in semiconductor lasers: the liquid state of mode locking

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