A fully integrated low-power area-efficient receiver using a low-intermediate frequency topology for BDS-3 and GPS L1 bands is presented in this paper. Accurate localization can be achieved without requiring off-chip low-noise amplifiers. The receiver bandwidths for GPS and BDS-3 are 2 MHz and 4 MHz, respectively. Digitally assisted calibration schemes, such as RC calibration, automatic gain control, and DC offset correction are integrated to resist the effects of the process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The receiver-fabricated in a standard 55 nm CMOS technology-provides a maximum gain of 113.2 dB, a gain control range of 61 dB, and a minimum noise figure of 1.74 dB under a 1.2 V supply. The receiver, with and without the frequency synthesizer that provides the local oscillator frequency, consumes 8.7 mA and 4.8 mA, with areas of 0.73 mm2 and 0.345 mm2, respectively. 

A Fully Integrated Low-Power Multi-Mode RF Receiver for BDS-3/GPS

To offer services in the safety-critical application, such as the advanced driving assistance system and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation, the navigation systems require more precise and reliable receivers, which are large-size and high-cost in the traditional solution due to multi-chip RF receivers. A highly integrated quad-channel global navigation satellite system (GNSS) RF receiver is proposed in this paper, which can be configured to receive all-band GNSS signals and L-band satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) for high-precision positioning. The single-chip quad-channel receiver can also be configured to receive L5 + L1/L2 signals for high precision double antenna orientation, which will dramatically reduce the size and cost. Measurement results show that the proposed RF receiver achieves a noise figure (NF) of 2.7–3.2 dB, an output-referred 3rd order intercept point (OIP3) of +34.7 dBm and a programmable filter bandwidth of 0.8–80 MHz, with RF frequency covering from 1.15 GHz to 1.65 GHz for all-band GNSS signals. Due to IQ mismatch compensation and layout improvement, an image rejection ration (IRR) of 58.1 dB and a channel isolation of 57 dB is achieved. 

Reconfigurable Quad-Channel GNSS RF Receiver for High-Precision Positioning and Orientation

China has developed an independent satellite navigation system called BeiDou, which has become one of the 4 GNSS systems in the world. The receiver is a key component of the BeiDou system, and optimizing and improving its performance is crucial for ensuring stable operation and wide application. This paper provides a review of current optimization and improvement directions for BeiDou receivers, including a comprehensive optimization process, identifying shortcomings in current receivers, suggesting optimization directions, and discussing the use and maintenance of BeiDou GNSS receivers. This review aims to promote further research and development of BeiDou GNSS system receivers. Additionally, this paper will propose modifications to the GPS reception so that it can receive BeiDou signals.

A Review of the Optimization and Improvement Direction of BeiDou Satellite Navigation System Receiver

Huygens’ metasurfaces (HMSs) have attracted significant interest due to high-efficiency EM wavefront manipulation capability. However, dual-band (DB) independently modulated HMS with extremely small frequency ratio and ultrathin profile is still rarely reported due to the following challenges: 1) strong coupling between two closely located Huygens’ resonances and 2) insufficient magnetic resonance intensity within ultrathin profile. Herein, a novel in-plane decoupling method is proposed to effectively tackle issues discussed above. By introducing an extra strong electric resonance between two closely located resonances as a “baffle,” the coupling between them has been significantly suppressed, hence enabling DB independent modulation capability. By increasing the miniaturized magnetic resonators, sufficient magnetic resonance has been obtained within an ultrathin profile, which in turn contributes to complete complex-amplitude modulation on transmission/reflection wave. Based on the proposed concept and three-layer cascaded structure, a DB Huygens’ unit cell is designed with an overall size of $0.28\times 0.28\times 0.06\lambda ^{3}$ (where $\lambda $ is the free space wavelength at higher operation band) and an extremely small frequency ratio of 1.21. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a DB HMS is designed to independently perform different functions, i.e., transmissive bifocal lens and reflective single focal lens at two closely located frequencies. Both simulation and measurement results are provided, and the good coincidence between them verifies the proposed method. This work possesses promising application prospect in multifunctional and bidirectional wireless communication systems.

A Dual-Band Independent Modulated Huygens’ Metasurface With Small Frequency Ratio Under In-Plane Coupled Resonance

This study provides a solution to achieve a single-layer dual-frequency shared-aperture slot antenna array with a small frequency ratio (FR) based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Cavity resonator principles are applied to a distinctive SIW antenna array cavity to obtain dual operational frequencies on two separate ports while sharing the same radiation aperture. A 24-element SIW array prototype is designed and fabricated to validate the solution. The prototype has dual frequencies and a shared aperture with a small FR of 1.03 while maintaining a single-layer planar configuration and low cost. The two ports operate at 5.701 and 5.888 GHz. Reasonable parameters are obtained from the simulation and measurements, and there is a good agreement between the results.

A Single-Layer Dual-Frequency Shared-Aperture SIW Slot Antenna Array With a Small Frequency Ratio

This paper presents a dual-channel GNSS receiver covering GPS and Beidou on a single chip in 0.13μm CMOS process. The receiver incorporates one reconfigurable RF front-end and two separate IF signal channels with one single fractional-N frequency synthesizer by using a ring voltage-controlled oscillator. This architecture supports an external active or passive antenna and provides the benefits of low cost and power consumption. An optional SAW filter can be inserted between the low-noise amplifier and mixer, providing out-of-band interference rejection in high performance applications. The receiver exhibits maximum gain of 95 dB and noise figures of 3.5 and 3.7 dB for L1 and B1 bands, respectively. The total power consumption of the receiver is 30 mW with a 1.2-V supply while occupying a 1.7mm2 die area including the ESD I/O pads. The one presented here is the smallest dual-channel GNSS receiver reported so far.

A dual-channel GNSS receiver for GPS and Beidou applications

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A dual-channel GNSS receiver for GPS and Beidou applications