Interferometric devices have drawn a great interest in all-optical signal processing for their high-speed photonic activity. Quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA)-based gate has added a new momentum in this field to perform all-optical logic and algebraic operations. In this paper, a new and alternative scheme for all-optical half adder using two QD-SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometers is theoretically investigated and demonstrated. The proposed scheme is driven by the pair of input data streams for one switch between which the Boolean xor function is to be executed to produce sum-bit. Then the output of the first switch and one of the input data are utilized to drive the second switch to produce carry-bit. The impact of the peak data power as well as of the QD-SOAs current density, small signal gain, and QD-SOAs length on the ER and Q-factor of the switching outcome are explored and assessed by means of numerical simulation. The operation of the system is demonstrated with 160 Gbit/s.

Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

The feasibility of implementing an ultrafast NOT gate by means of a two-input Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) that employs quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) is theoretically explored and shown. For this purpose a numerical treatment is conducted by modeling the propagation of strong pulses through a QD-SOA and the resultant change of the QD-SOA gain dynamics. This procedure allows to evaluate the impact of the critical parameters on the MZI complementary output port and find which is the most appropriate way to be selected and combined. The analysis of the simulation results reveals that with the non-data driven QD-SOA constantly held in the linear gain regime, the other QD-SOA, which is perturbed by the data to be logically inverted, must be operated in a nonlinear regime. This is defined by the drop of the specific QD-SOA gain by approximately 5.5 dB from its unsaturated value, which is caused by a data peak power being 4 dB higher than its saturation input power. Moreover, in order for the design to be complete, both QD-SOAs must be of medium length, provide a maximum modal gain such that their net gain exceeds by two orders of magnitude that at transparency, be biased at moderate current density and exhibit an electron relaxation time from the excited state to the ground state as fast as possible. Provided that these conditions are satisfied then a more than adequate extinction ratio can be obtained, which ensures that Boolean NOT logic is executed at 160 Gb/s both with logical correctness and high quality using QD-SOAs in a structurally simple, power efficient and operationally flexible version of the MZI.

On the design of ultrafast all-optical NOT gate using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

The feasibility of implementing an all-optical NAND gate for 160 Gb/s return-to-zero data pulses using a single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA)-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer is theoretically investigated and demonstrated. The proposed scheme exploits a modified Fredkin gate simultaneously driven by the pair of data streams between which the Boolean NAND function is to be executed, a sequence of continuous pulses and the complement of the first data input. The impact of the peak data power as well as of the QD-SOAs current density, small signal gain and electron relaxation time from the excited state to the ground state on the amplitude modulation of the switching outcome is explored and assessed by means of numerical simulation. The interpretation of the obtained results allows to specify the conditions under which the QD-SOAs must be biased to operate so that the defined performance metric becomes acceptable. By following the extracted guidelines whose satisfaction is technologically feasible and making a suitable choice for the critical parameters the NAND gate can be realized both with logical correctness and high quality at the target ultrafast data rate while being cascadable and scaleable for constructing more complex all-optical circuits.

On the feasibility of ultrafast all-optical NAND gate using single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

The feasibility of implementing reconfigurable ultrafast all-optical NOR and NAND gates by employing a single Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) is theoretically investigated. The reconfiguration of the scheme that allows conversion from one gate to the other is achieved by simply turning on or off a clock signal, while the complement of one of the data signals is used too as input for both gates. By conducting a numerical simulation, the conditions under which the QD-SOA-based MZI must be adjusted to operate so as to simultaneously ensure an acceptable extinction ratio for the NOR and amplitude modulation for the NAND are specified. This procedure is more demanding than when each gate is considered separately. Nevertheless it is possible to extract technologically realistic and achievable guidelines for the data signals and QD-SOAs characteristics in order for these gates to be jointly designed without modifying the fundamental structure or data driving mode of the MZI switch. In this manner a permissible range and a proper selection of values for the critical performance parameters that is common for these universal logic gates is derived, which enables both of them to be realized with a logically correct and high quality outcome.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8978/14/10/105401/pdf

On the design of reconfigurable ultrafast all-optical NOR and NAND gates using a single quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

The feasibility of implementing all-optically an ultrafast 4-bit parity generator and checker using the quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA)-based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) as XOR gate is theoretically investigated and demonstrated. The proposed circuit exploits an architecture where four XOR gates are concatenated in a modular manner. The first XOR gate drives the control input of the second one whose other control port receives the current bit of the word that undergoes parity processing. This interconnection is repeated up to the fourth XOR gate, on which an extra bit is applied. Depending on the binary value of this bit, the same circuit can operate both as parity generator and checker and support both even and odd parity. The performance of the scheme critically depends on the total amplitude modulation (AM) at its output. By conducting numerical simulation the impact of the key data signal and QD-SOAs parameters on this metric is evaluated. The outcome of this treatment allows to specify the permissible range of these parameters as well as an appropriate combination of them that renders the AM acceptable and ensures logically correct operation. The obtained results also demonstrate the ability of the QD-SOA-based MZI XOR gate to be cascaded and form more complex circuits of enhanced functionality.

Design of ultrafast all-optical 4-bit parity generator and checker using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer

The performance of ultrafast all-optical demultiplexer using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is analyzed. Through numerical simulations, a set of key parameters are optimized and all-optical demultiplexing from 160/320 Gbit/s to 40 Gbit/s can be realized with fairly high performance. The results are useful for the system performance studies and practical application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1629–1633, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25287

Analysis of all‐optical demultiplexing from 160/320 Gbit/s to 40 Gbit/s using quantum‐dot semiconductor optical amplifiers assisted Mach‐Zehnder interferometer

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Analysis of all‐optical demultiplexing from 160/320 Gbit/s to 40 Gbit/s using quantum‐dot semiconductor optical amplifiers assisted Mach‐Zehnder interferometer