Tunable smart mid infrared thermal control emitter based on phase change material VO2 thin film

Metamaterial absorbers have been widely studied and continuously concerned owing to their excellent resonance features of ultra‐thin thickness, light‐weight, and high absorbance. Their applications, however, are typically restricted by the intrinsic dispersion of materials and strong resonant features of patterned arrays (mainly referring to narrow absorption bandwidth). It is, therefore essential to reassert the principles of building broadband metamaterial absorbers (BMAs). Herein, the research progress of BMAs from principles, design strategies, tunable properties to functional applications are comprehensively and deeply summarized. Physical principles behind broadband absorption are briefly discussed, typical design strategies in realizing broadband absorption are further emphasized, such as top‐down lithography, bottom‐up self‐assembly, and emerging 3D printing technology. Diversified active components choices, including optical response, temperature response, electrical response, magnetic response, mechanical response, and multi‐parameter responses, are reviewed in achieving dynamically tuned broadband absorption. Following this, the achievements of various interdisciplinary applications for BMAs in energy‐harvesting, photodetectors, radar‐IR dual stealth, bolometers, noise absorbing, imaging, and fabric wearable are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future development of BMAs are discussed.

Review of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers: From Principles, Design Strategies, and Tunable Properties to Functional Applications

A Mo/Si multilayer film based selective thermal emitter for high-temperature infrared stealth application

Abstract Optical Skyrmions have many important properties that make them ideal units for high-density data applications, including the ability to carry digital information through a discrete topological number and the independence of spatially varying polarization to other dimensions. More importantly, the topological nature of the optical Skyrmion heuristically suggests a strong degree of robustness to perturbations, which is crucial for reliably carrying information in noisy environments. However, the study of the topological robustness of optical Skyrmions is still in its infancy. Here, we quantify this robustness precisely by proving that the topological nature of the Skyrmion arises from its structure on the boundary and, by duality, is resilient to spatially varying perturbations provided they respect the relevant boundary conditions of the unperturbed Skyrmion. We then present experimental evidence validating this robustness in the context of paraxial Skyrmion beams against complex polarization aberrations. Our work provides a framework for handling various perturbations of Skyrmion fields and offers guarantees of robustness in a general sense. This, in turn, has implications for applications of the Skyrmion where their topological nature is exploited explicitly, and, in particular, provides an underpinning for the use of optical Skyrmions in communications and computing. 

pdf/topological-protection-of-optical-skyrmions-through-complex-29qck4fdj49r.pdf

Topological protection of optical skyrmions through complex media

Recently graphene, a two-dimensional, layered carbon nanomaterial, has gained attention of the researchers working on nanomaterials due to its outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. When incorporated into polymer matrices, graphene serves as a versatile filler, resulting in the development of high-performance nanocomposites with variety of applications. This review article delves into the latest advancements in graphene-based polymer composites, primarily focusing on their role in energy-related applications. The article explores the extensive potential of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites and covers their fabrication using diverse techniques. These techniques include solution mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and layer-by-layer assembly, each tailored to meet specific composite requirements. These versatile methods enable researchers to design and engineer graphene-polymer composites with tailored properties. The practical applications of these composites span various fields, with a significant emphasis on energy-related applications. They find utility in energy storage and conversion. This includes the enhancement of supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and electrolyte membranes, all of which benefit from the improved performance and stability imparted by graphene. The article meticulously reviews the latest breakthroughs and innovations in these areas, underscoring the substantial progress achieved by researchers in enhancing the efficiency of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for energy applications which includes conversion and storage. This review article provides a comprehensive and insightful examination of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. It covers their fabrication techniques, outlines their applications in energy storage and conversion, and showcases both recent advancements and historical developments. By acknowledging the achievements and considering potential future directions, the article offers a well-rounded perspective on the evolving landscape of energy-related materials science. 

Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites for energy applications: Recent advancements and future prospects

In this paper, we propose a broadband infrared stealth metamaterial absorber based on an improved metal-dielectric-metal structure where its top pattern consists of multi-layers. The structure uses high-temperature resistant materials instead of traditional low melting point precious metals and achieves selective thermal radiation in the infrared band. The study shows that with the increase of the number of layers, the absorption peak and bandwidth of the non-atmospheric window band expands. When the thickness of the structure is five layers, it can match well with the atmospheric absorption spectra. The polarization sensitivity and infrared stealth performance at different temperatures of the structure with five-layer are studied in detail. Compared with black body, the selective thermal emitter maintains radiation reduction rates greater than 80% in MWIR and LWIR regions. The high temperature resistant heat emitter proposed by us can be used in spectrally selective thermal radiation, thermal management and thermal camouflage, which has a very promising application prospect. 

High-temperature resistant broadband infrared stealth metamaterial absorber

In the paper, a type of phase change metamaterial for tunable infrared stealth and camouflage is proposed and numerically studied. The metamaterial combines high temperature resistant metal Mo with phase-changing material GST and can be switched between the infrared "stealthy" and "non-stealthy" states through the phase change process of the GST. At the amorphous state of GST, there is a high absorption peak at the atmospheric absorption spectral range, which can achieve infrared stealth in the atmospheric window together with good radiative heat dissipation in the non-atmospheric window. While at the crystalline state of GST, the absorption peak becomes broader and exhibits high absorption in the long-wave infrared atmospheric window, leading to a "non-stealthy" state. The relationship between the infrared stealth performance of the structure with the polarization and incident angle of the incident light is also studied in detail. The proposed infrared stealth metamaterial employs a simple multilayer structure and could be fabricated in large scale. Our work will promote the research of dynamically tunable, large scale phase change metamaterials for infrared stealth as well as energy and other applications.

Phase change metamaterial for tunable infrared stealth and camouflage.

A tunable all dielectric perfect absorber based on hybrid graphene-dielectric metasurface in the mid-infrared regime

A very attractive advantage of graphene is that its Fermi level can be regulated by electrostatic bias doping. It is of great significance to investigate and control the spatial location of graphene emission for graphene thermal emitters, in addition to tuning the emission intensity and emission spectrum. Here, we present a detailed theoretical model to describe the graphene emission characteristics versus gate voltages. The experimentally observed movement of the emission spot and temperature distribution of graphene emitters are basically in agreement with those from the theoretical model. Our results provide a simple method to predict the behavior of graphene emitters that is beneficial for achieving the spatial dynamic regulation of graphene infrared emission arrays.

/pdf/regulation-of-thermal-emission-position-in-biased-graphene-2sorxe3x.pdf

Regulation of Thermal Emission Position in Biased Graphene

Achieving facile control of the wavelength of light emitters is of great significance for many key applications in optoelectronics and photonics, including on-chip interconnection, super-resolution imaging, and optical communication. The Joule heating effect caused by electric current is widely applied in modulating the refractive index of silicon-based waveguides for reconfigurable nanophotonic circuits. Here, by utilizing localized Joule heating in the biased graphene device, we demonstrate electrically controlled wavelength-tunable photoluminescence (PL) from vertical van der Waals heterostructures combined by graphene and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDCs). By applying a moderate electric field of 6.5 kV·cm-1 to the graphene substrate, the PL wavelength of 2D-TMDCs exhibits a continuous tuning from 662 to 690 nm, corresponding to a bandgap reduction of 76 meV. The electric control is highly reversible during sweeping the bias back and forth. The temperature dependence of Raman and PL spectroscopy reveals that the current-induced local Joule heating effect plays a leading role in reducing the optical direct bandgap of TMDCs. The bias-dependent optical reflectivity and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show a consistent reduction of the optical band gap of 2D-TMDCs and increased PL lifetimes with the electric field over the heterostructures. Moreover, we demonstrate the consistent device operation from 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition, showing great advantages for the scalability.

Electrically Controlled Wavelength-Tunable Photoluminescence from van der Waals Heterostructures.

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