Wide application of horizontal drilling at home and abroad allowed it to be concerned about and focused on its productivity formulae studies. Since 1940s, a series of related formulae have been proposed, with more and more practicable usage after continuous modification. This paper reviews the progress of the horizontal wells' productivity formulae and methods studies, and presents the simplified conditions and applied ranges for the various formulae. Finally, based on the imperfections of them, the suggestions for further studies are given herein.

Review of Horizontal Well Productivity Formulae Study

Volcanic gas reservoirs, as new exploration and development fields, are rich in resources and have broad exploration and development prospects. However, compared with the conventional sandstone gas...

Gas–water two-phase productivity model for fractured horizontal wells in volcanic gas reservoirs with natural fractures

Machine learning algorithm emerges as a promising approach in energy fields, but its practicality is hindered by data barriers, stemming from high collection costs and privacy concerns. This study introduces a novel federated learning (FL) framework based on XGBoost models, enabling safe collaborative modeling with accessible yet concealed data from multiple parties. Hyperparameter tuning of the models is achieved through Bayesian Optimization. To ascertain the merits of the proposed FL-XGBoost method, a comparative analysis is conducted between separate and centralized models to address a classical binary classification problem in the geoenergy sector. The results reveal that the proposed FL framework strikes an optimal balance between privacy and accuracy. FL models demonstrate superior accuracy and generalization capabilities compared to separate models, particularly for participants with limited data or low correlation features, and offer significant privacy benefits compared to centralized models. The aggregated optimization approach within the FL agreement proves effective in tuning hyperparameters. This study opens new avenues for assessing unconventional reservoirs through collaborative and privacy-preserving FL techniques. 

Bridging data barriers among participants: Assessing the potential of geoenergy through federated learning

A mathematical model for predicting the productivity of fractured horizontal wells of tight sandstone gas: A case study in the Sulige gas field

Based on the theory of porous flow, a study on prediction of water breakthrough time of horizontal wells in a homogeneous gas reservoir with bottom water is presented. This paper derives water breakthrough time formula of horizontal wells in a reservoir with bottom water drive. In the formula many factors are taken into account, such as height of water avoidance, gas-water mobility ratio, irreducible water saturation, residual gas saturation, etc. Case study indicates that for a horizontal gas well with constant production rate, the water breakthrough time is proportional to the height of water avoidance.

A Prediction of Water Breakthrough Time of Horizontal Wells in Gas Reservoirs with Bottom Water

This study aims to predict the productivity of an open-hole horizontal gas well (OHHGW) in a gas reservoir with closed bottom and top boundaries (GRCBTBs). First, according to the theory of mirror imaging, an OHHGW in GRCBTBs is transformed into an infinite well array in infinite formation. Second, based on conformal transformation principle, the infinite well array is transformed into two production and two injection wells in the complex plane. Finally, according to the superposition principle of potential, a new productivity prediction method, which is suitable for the horizontal well in GRCBTBs, was developed. The field measured data of Jingbian gas field of Ordos Basin demonstrate the ability of the method to accurately predict the productivity of the OHHGW in GRCBTBs, and the prediction relative error of absolute open flow of well Longping 1 is only 1.03%, that is to say that the method proposed in this study has a certain guiding significance for the development of horizontal wells in GRCBTBs.

Investigation of Productivity Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells in Gas Reservoirs with Closed Bottom and Top Boundaries

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Investigation of Productivity Prediction Method for Horizontal Wells in Gas Reservoirs with Closed Bottom and Top Boundaries