Crosstalk Cancellation (CTC) is a sound-field control technology used to deliver binaural signals over loudspeakers. This study investigates the effect of back wall reflections – occurring when the loudspeakers are positioned between the listener and a reflective wall – on CTC performance as a function of various parameters, including the positions of the listener and loudspeakers relative to the wall, and the directivity of the loudspeakers. Reflections are modelled using the Image Source Method (ISM), which simulates the contribution of reflection by superimposing the pressure field of the loudspeaker array with that of a mirrored array source. The directivity of the loudspeakers is simulated using directivity filters obtained from an open-access database. This approach offers a more realistic acoustic simulation than traditional analytical models. CTC performance is evaluated in the time and frequency domains using Neumann KU 100 HRTFs and Tikhonov regularisation. The impact of reflections is also quantified with a proposed error metric based on the Frobenius norm of the crosstalk matrix, which supports the simulation findings.

Influence of Back Wall Reflections on Crosstalk Cancellation Systems with Directional Loudspeakers

In this paper, we propose a Bidirectional Compound Attention Network (BCA-Net) model for the colon polyp segmentation task. The network is based on a U-shaped network with residual structures and incorporates two modules. The Bidirectional Compound Attention (BCA) module is an improvement on the Coordinate Attention (CA) module, which is used to obtain channel attention weight from the concatenated feature maps after each iteration. The Mutil-scale Residual Atrous Convolution (MRAC) module acts on each encoded layer of the encoder, performing multi-branch atrous convolutions on the feature maps before channel concatenation, to obtain multi-scale information for each layer and expand the receptive field. We trained and tested BCA-Net on the Kvasir-SEG and CVC-ClinicDB datasets, and the BCA-Net model achieved an IoU of 80.99% and 76.41%, Dice of 88.14% and 83.68%, and F2-score of 89.56% and 82.66% respectively. The experimental results indicate that the BCA module has a larger impact on model improvement compared to the CA module. Furthermore, the BCA-Net demonstrates superior polyp segmentation performance compared with most common segmentation models. 

Bca-Net: A Bidirectional Compound Attention Network for Colon Polyps Segmentation

This study explores the localization of virtual sound sources reproduced by a crosstalk cancellation system under different reflective conditions in virtual rooms, analyzing the results with binaural cues. Binaural room impulse responses were generated using the high-order image source method. By modifying the acoustic parameters of the virtual room to manipulate reflection intensity and temporal structure, psychoacoustic experiments were conducted using headphone reproduction. Results show that variations in reflection intensity within a certain range, achieved by altering the room reverberation time (RT), do not significantly affect virtual source localization. However, increasing the loudspeaker–listener distance (altering the temporal structure of reflections) deteriorates localization performance. The main difference between changes in loudspeaker–listener distance and RT lies in whether the reflection’s temporal structure changes. The study highlights the critical role of reflection temporal structure in virtual source localization. Binaural cue analysis shows that even in reverberant environments, interaural time difference (ITD) remains more consistent with localization accuracy than interaural level difference (ILD). 

Localization of Virtual Sound Source Reproduced by the Crosstalk Cancellation System Under Different Reflective Conditions

In a colonoscopy, accurate computer-aided polyp detection and segmentation can help endoscopists to remove abnormal tissue. This reduces the chance of polyps developing into cancer, which is of great importance. In this paper, we propose a neural network (parallel residual atrous pyramid network or PRAPNet) based on a parallel residual atrous pyramid module for the segmentation of intestinal polyp detection. We made full use of the global contextual information of the different regions by the proposed parallel residual atrous pyramid module. The experimental results showed that our proposed global prior module could effectively achieve better segmentation results in the intestinal polyp segmentation task compared with the previously published results. The mean intersection over union and dice coefficient of the model in the Kvasir-SEG dataset were 90.4% and 94.2%, respectively. The experimental results outperformed the scores achieved by the seven classical segmentation network models (U-Net, U-Net++, ResUNet++, praNet, CaraNet, SFFormer-L, TransFuse-L).

/pdf/prapnet-a-parallel-residual-atrous-pyramid-network-for-polyp-3b8n48m2.pdf

PRAPNet: A Parallel Residual Atrous Pyramid Network for Polyp Segmentation

The automotive acoustic environment has become an indispensable listening space in people’s daily lives. However, due to the complexity of the acoustic environment inside automobiles, the sound reproduction in automobile is particularly problematic compared with that in ordinary domestic environments. From the perspective of sound reproduction, it is an effective approach to improve the reproduction performance by raising the speaker height such that nearer to the height of listener’s ear. However, this issue has been less studied quantitatively. In current work, we aim to explore how the speaker height affects the sound field characteristics at target listening region by using the finite element method. The speakers at front door inner panels were mounted to three different heights, respectively, and the sound field characteristics at target listening region in driver seat were analysed. Result showed that for higher speaker layout resulted in larger sound pressure levels at the target listening point, and the sound field distribution tends to be more homogeneous. Also, raising the speaker height is conducive to giving a constant frequency response at the target listening point. This works can provide the reference for the design of automotive audio system.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2185/1/012026

The Sound Field Characteristics in Automobile under Different Speaker Height based on Numerical Simulation

In binaural reproduction over loudspeakers (BROL), at the target azimuth beyond the span angle of loudspeakers, the lateral perceived azimuth is usually smaller than the corresponding target azimuth, which is a major intrinsic limitation of BROL. To increase the perceived azimuth of binaural reproduction over two loudspeakers, a perceptually motivated method with low-computational complexity is proposed in this study. Based on the out-of-phase characteristics between the low-frequency amplitude of the two reproduction loudspeakers when the target azimuth is outside the span angle of loudspeakers, the proposed method widens the lateral perceived azimuth by increasing the low-frequency amplitude of the contralateral loudspeaker, which is the loudspeaker on the contralateral side of the target azimuth. Moreover, the amplitude required to be increased for the contralateral loudspeaker can be obtained through velocity vector synthesis. Objective analysis indicates that the proposed method affords a greater interaural phase delay difference than the conventional BROL. Additionally, this method alleviates the lack of dynamic cues to some extent. The results of the subjective listening experiment show that the proposed method can significantly increase the lateral perceived azimuth for different stimuli without introducing additional unnatural perception. 

Method for increasing lateral perceived azimuth of binaural reproduction over two loudspeakers

This study explores the localization of virtual sources reproduced by the crosstalk cancellation (CTC) system under reverberation environments with different direct-to-reverberation energy ratios (DRRs). Binaural room impulse responses in rectangle rooms are simulated by high-order image source method. Two independent key variables, the reverberation time (RT) and the distance of the sound source to the listener, are employed to manipulate DRR through simulation. Subsequently, a subjective localization experiment based on the CTC system is virtually conducted using earphone reproduction. The results show that the azimuth localization in horizontal plane is almost impervious by RT but is subjected to the change of the source distance. Specifically, as the distance of sound source increases, the perceived azimuth of lateral virtual sources exhibits a bias towards the front, accompanied by larger variances. The results indicate that reflections with small delays have a more detrimental effect on sound localization compared to the late reverberation with large intensity, which may be associated with the inhibition of late reflections based on the precedence effect. Additionally, the localization data are analyzed and explained using binaural cues, including the interaural cross-correlation coefficient, the interaural time difference (ITD), and interaural level difference (ILD). 

The localization of virtual source reproduced by the crosstalk cancellation system under different direct-to-reverberation energy ratios conditions

The speech transmission index (STI) of Room-in-Room (RinR) reproduction between rooms with different sizes and acoustical conditions is investigated in this paper. The RinR reproduction is defined as the loudspeaker reproduction in the second room (room 2) of a sound signal that is recorded in the first room (room 1), the effect of which on the original signal can be modeled by the convolution of room impulse responses of these two rooms. Results show that, if room 2 is normal-sized and reverberant, the overall reverberation time of the reproduction will be increased by room 2, resulting in a lower STI. But when room 2 is small, the STI becomes higher relative to a normal-sized room 2. Therefore, the acoustical properties of a smaller room 2 are helpful for speech intelligibility and improving the performance of the RinR reproduction. In summary, the effect of the RinR reproduction on the STI is strongly related to the size and acoustical conditions of room 2, i.e., the room in which the recorded signal is reproduced.

The speech transmission index of Room-in-Room reproduction between rooms with different size and acoustical conditions

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Wei Tan

Author Tools

Chat about Author