We developed two-step solution-phase reactions to form hybrid materials of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for lithium ion battery applications. Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown selectively on RGO sheets over free particle growth in solution allowed for the electrically insulating Mn3O4 nanoparticles wired up to a current collector through the underlying conducting graphene network. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles formed on RGO show a high specific capacity up to ~900mAh/g near its theoretical capacity with good rate capability and cycling stability, owing to the intimate interactions between the graphene substrates and the Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown atop. The Mn3O4/RGO hybrid could be a promising candidate material for high-capacity, low-cost, and environmentally friendly anode for lithium ion batteries. Our growth-on-graphene approach should offer a new technique for design and synthesis of battery electrodes based on highly insulating materials.

Mn3O4-Graphene Hybrid as a High Capacity Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Heteroatom Doping: An Effective Way to Boost Sodium Ion Storage

The synergism of large surface area, multiscale porous structure, and good conductivity endows hierarchical carbon nanocages with high-level supercapacitive performances. Further nitrogen doping greatly improves the hydrophilicity, which boosts the supercapacitive performances to an ultrahigh specific capacitance of up to 313 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1).

Hydrophilic hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbonnanocages for ultrahigh supercapacitive performance

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as promising and eco-friendly next-generation energy storage systems to substitute lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, discovering new electrode materials for ZIBs with high performance and unraveling their electrochemical reactions during Zn-ion insertion/extraction are of great interest. Here, we present, for the first time, tunnel-type β-MnO2 nanorods with exposed (101) planes, prepared via a facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis within only 10 min, for use as a high performance cathode for ZIBs. In contrast to its bulk counterpart, which showed no electrochemical reactivity, the present β-MnO2 nanorod electrode exhibited a high discharge capacity of 270 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, high rate capability (123 and 86 mA h g−1 at 528 and 1056 mA g−1, respectively), and long cycling stability (75% capacity retention with 100% coulombic efficiency at 200 mA g−1) over 200 cycles. The Zn-ion storage mechanism of the cathode was also unraveled using in situ synchrotron, ex situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our present study indicates that Zn intercalation occurred via a combination of solid solution and conversion reactions. During initial cycles, the β-MnO2 cathode was able to maintain its structure; however, after prolonged cycles, it transformed into a spinel structure. The present results challenge the common views on the β-MnO2 electrode and pave the way for the further development of ZIBs as cost-effective and environmentally friendly next-generation energy storage systems.

Facile synthesis and the exploration of the zinc storage mechanism of β-MnO2 nanorods with exposed (101) planes as a novel cathode material for high performance eco-friendly zinc-ion batteries

Application of advanced materials in sonophotocatalytic processes for the remediation of environmental pollutants.

Unlike zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires/nanorods, and three-dimensional networks or even their bulk counterparts, the charge carriers in two-dimensional (2D) materials are confined along the thickness while being allowed to move along the plane. They have distinct characteristics like strong quantum confinement, tunable thickness, and high specific surface area, which makes them a promising candidate in a wide range of applications such as electronics, topological spintronic devices, energy storage, energy conversion, sensors, biomedicine, catalysis, and so on. After the discovery of the extraordinary properties of graphene, other graphene-like 2D materials have attracted a great deal of attention. Like graphene, to realize their potential applications, high efficiency and low cost industrial scale methods should be developed to produce high-quality 2D materials. The electrochemical methods usually performed under mild conditions are convenient, controllable, and suitable for mass production. In this review, we introduce the latest and most representative investigations on the fabrication of 2D monoelemental Xenes, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides, and other important emerging 2D materials such as organic framework (MOF) nanosheets and MXenes through electrochemical exfoliation. The electrochemical exfoliation conditions of the bulk layered materials are discussed. The numerous factors which will affect the quality of the exfoliated 2D materials, the possible exfoliating mechanism and potential applications are summarized and discussed in detail. A summary of the discussion together with perspectives and challenges for the future of this emerging field is also provided in the last section.

Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene-like two-dimensional nanomaterials

Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite into Nitrogen-doped Graphene in Glycine Solution and its Energy Storage Properties

To achieve better anode materials for sodium ion batteries, a nitrogen-doped TiO2(B) nanorod structure is developed utilizing hydrothermal treatment, ion exchange and a subsequent low temperature calcination process. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction are employed to characterize the structure and properties of the nitrogen-doped TiO2(B). Compared with anatase TiO2 powder (325 mesh) raw materials and the TiO2(B) nanorods without N-doping, the as-fabricated nitrogen-doped TiO2(B) nanorods with a nitrogen-doping amount of 1.23 atom% exhibit higher specific capacity (224.5 mA h g−1), good cycling stability (the capacity retention ratios after 200 cycles at 2C is 93.4%) and enhanced rate capability (110 mA h g−1 at 3.35 A g−1), which is likely to be associated with enhanced conductivity due to N-doping.

/pdf/nitrogen-doped-tio2-b-nanorods-as-high-performance-anode-nyopefr4h0.pdf

Nitrogen-doped TiO2(B) nanorods as high-performance anode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries

First-principles investigation of the monoclinic NaMnO2 cathode material for rechargeable Na-ion batteries

Understanding electronic and optical properties of La and Mn co-doped anatase TiO2

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