Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy

Global challenges and strategies for control, conversion and utilization of CO2 for sustainable development involving energy, catalysis, adsorption and chemical processing

In the last few years there has been a rapid growth in governmental funding and research activities worldwide for CO2 capture, storage and utilization (CSU), due to increasing awareness of the link between CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere and global warming. Among the various technologies and processes that have been developed and are emerging for CSU of CO2, solid CO2-adsorbents are widely applied. In this review, these solid CO2-adsorbents are classified into three types according to their sorption/desorption temperatures: low-, intermediate- and high-temperature adsorbents with temperatures ranging from below 200 °C, between 200–400 °C and above 400 °C, respectively. For each type of solid CO2-adsorbent, the synthesis, interaction mechanism with CO2 and sorption performance, potential applications and problems are reviewed. In the last section, several representative CO2-sorption-enhanced catalytic reactions are discussed. It is expected that this review will not only summarize the main research activities in this area, but also find possible links between fundamental studies and industrial applications.

CO2 capture by solid adsorbents and their applications: current status and new trends

Nature’s photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy with chlorophyll in plants as a catalyst to recycle carbon dioxide and water into new plant life. Only given sufficient geological time can new fossil fuels be formed naturally. In contrast, chemical recycling of carbon dioxide from natural and industrial sources as well as varied human activities or even from the air itself to methanol or dimethyl ether (DME) and their varied products can be achieved via its capture and subsequent reductive hydrogenative conversion. The present Perspective reviews this new approach and our research in the field over the last 15 years. Carbon recycling represents a significant aspect of our proposed Methanol Economy. Any available energy source (alternative energies such as solar, wind, geothermal, and atomic energy) can be used for the production of needed hydrogen and chemical conversion of CO2. Improved new methods for the efficient reductive conversion of CO2 to methanol and/or DME that we have developed include bireformin...

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Chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to methanol and dimethyl ether: from greenhouse gas to renewable, environmentally carbon neutral fuels and synthetic hydrocarbons.

Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels

Tri-reforming of Methane over Ni Catalysts for CO2 Conversion to Syngas With Desired H2/CO Ratios Using Flue Gas of Power Plants Without CO2 Separation

Using tapered element oscillating microbalance for in situ monitoring of carbon deposition on nickel catalyst during CO2 reforming of methane

Catalytic Tri-reforming of Methane Using Flue Gas from Fossil Fuel-based Power Plants

Effects of Pressure on CO2 Reforming of CH4 over Ni/Na-Y and Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts

Most existing CO2 conversion processes use pure CO2 that comes from CO2 recovery, separation and subsequent purification, which are all energy- consuming steps that add up the cost and can lead to additional CO2 emission. A novel process concept, tri-reforming, is proposed for effective conversion and utilization of CO2 in the flue gases from fossil fuel-based power plants in the 21st century. The CO2, H2O, and O2 in the waste flue gas need not be pre-separated because they will be used as co-reactants for tri-reforming of natural gas. The tri-reforming is a synergetic combination of CO2 reforming, steam reforming, and partial oxidation of natural gas. The simultaneous oxy-CO2-steam reforming reactions in the tri-reforming process can produce synthesis gas (CO+H2) with H2/CO ratios (1.5–2.0) and can also eliminate carbon formation which is a serious problem in the CO2 reforming of methane. These two advantages have been demonstrated by a preliminary laboratory experimental study of tri-reforming in comparison to CO2 reforming at 850°C. A comparative analysis by calculation indicated that tri-reforming is more desired for producing syngas with H2/CO ratios of 2.0 compared to CO2 reforming and steam reforming of methane. The tri-reforming process could be applied, in principle, to the natural gas-based power plants and coal-based power plants. The syngas with desired H2/CO ratios can be used for synthesis of chemicals (alcohol, ether, olefins, etc.), ultra-clean fuels (hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenated fuels), and could also be used for generating electricity.

Tri-reforming of Natural Gas Using CO2 in Flue Gas of Power Plants without CO2 Pre-separation for Production of Synthesis Gas with Desired H2/CO Ratios

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