Surfactant-enhanced remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review

Applications of Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence with Parallel Factor Analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) in Assessing Environmental Dynamics of Natural Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Aquatic Environments: A Review

Combined bioaugmentation with electro-biostimulation for improved bioremediation of antimicrobial triclocarban and PAHs complexly contaminated sediments.

The spatial characteristics of fluorescent-DOM (FDOM) components in river waters in China were firstly examined by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra and fluorescence regional integration (FRI) with the data collected during September to November between 2013 and 2015. One tyrosine-like (R1), one tryptophan-like (R2), one fulvic-like (R3), one microbial protein-like (R4) and one humic-like (R5) components have been identified by FRI method. Principle components analysis (PCA) was conducted to assess variations in the five FDOM components (FRί (ί = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) and the humification index (HIX) for all 194 river water samples. The average fluorescence intensities of the five fluorescent components and the total fluorescence intensities FSUM differed under spatial variation among the seven major river basins (Songhua, Liao, Hai, Yellow and Huai, Yangtze, Pearl and Inflow Rivers) in China. When all the river water samples were pooled together, the fulvic-like FR3 and the humic-like FR5 showed a strong positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.90, n = 194), indicating that the two allochthonous FDOM components R3 and R5 may originate from similar sources. There is a moderate strong positive correlation between the tryptophan-like FR2 and the microbial protein-like FR4 (R2 = 0.71, n = 194), suggesting parts of two autochthonous FDOM components R2 and R4 are likely from some common sources. However, the total allochthonous substance FR(3+5) and the total autochthonous substances FR(1+2+4) exhibited a weak correlation (R2 = 0.40, n = 194). Significant positive linear relationships between FR3 (R2 = 0.69, n = 194), FR5 (R2 = 0.79, n = 194) and CDOM absorption coefficient a(254) were observed, respectively, which demonstrated the CDOM absorption were dominated by the allochthonous FDOM components R3 and R5.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2017JG003820

Characterization of CDOM of river waters in China using fluorescence excitation‐emission matrix and regional integration techniques

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is considered to be one of active organic carbon components in river water, and its characteristics would affect quality of drinking water if such a river is used for the purpose. DOM in the Pearl River around metropolitan Guangzhou and its six fractions obtained by sequential resins separation and their percentage distribution of total organic carbon (TOC), the UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254) were determined. Meanwhile, fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine the biodegradable and structural characteristics of DOM. The results showed that the values of TOC, UV254, and SUVA254 changed with season. Especially, SUVA254 was lower than 3 L (mg m)−1, indicating that the hydrophilic fractions were the major components of the DOM. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the dominant presence of humic-like, fulvic-like, and protein-like fluorophores. Fluorescence index (FI) in four seasons was associated with allochthonous DOM sources and biological DOM. FTIR spectroscopy suggested the feature of DOM with some specific groups (e.g., carbohydrate C–O, amid C═O).

Seasonal characterization and identification of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Pearl River, China.

Optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in the watershed of a globally large river (Yangtze River, China)

In this study, the 30-day aerobic microorganism-mediated biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in four size fractions (i.e., 0.063 mm) of sand-dominated sediment S1 and mud-dominated S2 collected from intertidal zones in Bohai Bay (China). Prior to biodegradation, the total quantity of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene comprised more than 80 % of the total quantity of 16 EPA-priority PAHs in each size fraction, with the exception of 70.33 % found in the >0.063 mm fraction of sediment S1. Among the three dominant compounds, the intermediate size fraction (0.031–0.063 mm) showed higher levels of biodegradation than other size fractions in sediment S1 and S2. After pooling data from sediment S1 and S2 for joint analysis, it was observed that the biodegraded portion of the three dominant compounds showed negative correlations with both total organic carbon (TOC) and humic coverage index (HCI) in the size fractions. The observed negative correlation with TOC was in agreement with findings in many other studies, but the negative correlation with HCI had not been observed in early studies, which only investigated aged sediment/soil samples. The findings in this study indicated that the greatest bioavailability of PAHs in intertidal surface sediment may be present in sediment particles of intermediate size and mobility, and that intertidal sediment particles are less likely to experience sufficient ageing given periodical tidal disturbance. These findings have important implications for the assessment of the environmental fate of PAHs in intertidal regions.

PAHs biodegradation in intertidal surface sediment by indigenous microorganisms.

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Optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in the watershed of a globally large river (Yangtze River, China)

PAHs biodegradation in intertidal surface sediment by indigenous microorganisms.