Formation of kidney tissue requires the generation of kidney precursor cells and their subsequent differentiation into nephrons, the functional filtration unit of the kidney. Here we report that the gene odd-skipped related 1 (Odd1) plays an important role in both these processes. Odd1 is the earliest known marker of the intermediate mesoderm, the precursor to all kidney tissue. It is localized to mesenchymal precursors within the mesonephric and metanephric kidney and is subsequently downregulated upon tubule differentiation. Mice lacking Odd1 do not form metanephric mesenchyme, and do not express several other factors required for metanephric kidney formation, including Eya1, Six2, Pax2, Sall1 and Gdnf. In transient ectopic expression experiments in the chick embryo, Odd1 can promote expression of the mesonephric precursor markers Pax2 and Lim1. Finally, persistent expression of Odd1 in chick mesonephric precursor cells inhibits differentiation of these precursors into kidney tubules. These data indicate that Odd1 plays an important role in establishing kidney precursor cells, and in regulating their differentiation into kidney tubular tissue.

Odd-skipped related 1 is required for development of the metanephric kidney and regulates formation and differentiation of kidney precursor cells.

Recent advances in avian transgenesis have led to the possibility of utilizing the laying hen as a production platform for the large-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical proteins. Ovalbumin constitutes more than half of the protein in the white of a laid egg, and expression of the ovalbumin gene is restricted to the tubular gland cells of the oviduct. Here we describe the use of lentiviral vectors to deliver transgene constructs comprising regulatory sequences from the ovalbumin gene designed to direct synthesis of associated therapeutic proteins to the oviduct. We report the generation of transgenic hens that synthesize functional recombinant pharmaceutical protein in a tightly regulated tissue-specific manner, without any evidence of transgene silencing after germ-line transmission.

/pdf/oviduct-specific-expression-of-two-therapeutic-proteins-in-5dautnldp8.pdf

Oviduct-specific expression of two therapeutic proteins in transgenic hens

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/13144441/Prospects_for_transgenesis_in_the_chick.pdf

Prospects for transgenesis in the chick.

Background Chicken eggs are considered to be nature's perfect food. The egg white is an excellent natural source of high quality protein, which is rich in essential amino acids. The yolk is a source of antioxidants, aromatic amino acids, carotenoids, vitamins, phospholipids and proteins, which not only provide nutritional value but also act pro-health and might prevent eg. from heart diseases. In turn eggshell supplies well absorbed by the human body minerals, of which the most important is calcium. Scope and approach In this review the new trends in chicken egg research are showed. The egg components which are the most important for human health are described. This study shows also the methods of isolating the most important health-promoting ingredients from chicken eggs. Key Findings and Conclusion : Eggs are not only a highly nutritious food , but also a rich source of diverse bioactive components also including nutraceuticals. Therefore, the current research trends focus on the new look at the egg as a material acting as health-promoting functions . Currently carried out research also concern the development of new technologies for the production of bioactive ingredients of chicken eggs.These new trends introduce a new era in egg science and technology and the future of eggs and egg ingredients remains bright.

What's new in chicken egg research and technology for human health promotion? - A review

Wolman's disease and cholesteryl ester storage disorder: the phenotypic spectrum of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.

The chick stage X blastoderm is routinely accessed through a small window in a freshly laid egg. However, windowing severely compromises embryo survival with hatch rates as low as a few percent. We previously reported a simple modification to the standard method that reduced introduction of air into the sealed egg and improved the hatchability to 32%. Here, we describe an even simpler and more rapid method for sealing a windowed egg using hot glue or paraffin in which the hatch rate increased to an average of 63% of the unwindowed control eggs. The primary reason for low hatchability can be attributed to air trapped within the egg during windowing and/or leakage during incubation, as shown by increased lethality by artificially introducing air into windowed and sealed eggs. Although the hatch rate was considerably improved, air can still enter the egg during incubation and is likely to account for less than 100% hatchability of the sealed eggs. The success of this new windowing method will facilitate high throughput for the production of transgenic birds and find use in developmental biology, toxicity testing, and avian disease research.

Rapid and improved method for windowing eggs accessing the stage X chicken embryo.

SBC-102, a recombinant enzyme replacement therapy corrects clinically relevant phenotypic abnormalities in a rat model of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency

Intravenous SBC-103, a recombinant human alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase reduces CNS heparan sulfate content in a mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB mouse model

SBC-103, a recombinant human alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, demonstrates mannose-6-phosphate receptor dependent transport in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model

We have previously described the expression of a bacterial protein in the egg white of transgenic chickens using a replication-deficient retroviral vector. Here we report the expression of a glycosylated human protein, interferon α-2b (hIFN), in the egg white of transgenic hens. The hIFN secreted into the egg white was biologically active as determined by a viral inhibition assay. Purification and carbohydrate analysis of the hIFN expressed in egg white revealed that two of the six major glycosylated hIFN species match the naturally occurring human hIFN glycovariants. These results support the potential of the hen as a bioreactor for the production of commercially valuable, biologically active, and glycosylated proteins in egg white.

Biologically active human interferon alpha-2b produced in the egg white of transgenic hens.

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