Body size is a key life-history trait that influences community assembly by affecting how ecological processes operate at the organism level. However, the extent to which the relative influences of ecological processes mediate the assembly of differentially sized soil organisms is still unknown. Here, we investigate the community assembly of differentially sized soil microorganisms and microfauna using a continental-scale sampling effort combined with a global-scale meta-analysis. Our results reveal a general relationship between organism body size and the stochastic-deterministic balance operating on community assembly. The smallest microorganisms (bacteria) are relatively more influenced by dispersal-based stochastic processes, while larger ones (fungi, protists and nematodes) are more structured by selection-based deterministic processes. This study elucidates a significant and consistent relationship between an organism life-history trait and how distinct ecological processes operate in mediating their respective community assemblages, thus providing a better understanding of the mechanisms supporting soil biodiversity.

/pdf/organism-body-size-structures-the-soil-microbial-and-1iz93bd13x.pdf

Organism body size structures the soil microbial and nematode community assembly at a continental and global scale.

In karst regions, forests often grow on bedrock outcrops, however the water sources used by the forest vegetation are not known. This study aimed at investigating whether there were seasonal shifts (dry/wet season) of water sources for plants growing on the continuous dolostone outcrops, and comparing their differences with those growing on nearby thin soils in karst areas of southwest China. Rainwater, soil water within 0-30 cm depths, spring water (as a reflection of local deep water sources) and plant xylem water were sampled in March (late dry season) and July (mid rainy season) 2009, respectively. A direct inference approach and the IsoSource mixing model were used to estimate the contributions of different sources to the plant xylem water. On the outcrops, the deciduous tree species Radermachera sinica mainly used deep water sources during the dry season and a mixture of rainwater and deep water sources during the wet season. By contrast, the deciduous small shrub Alchornea trewioides largely relied on recent rainwater during both dry and wet seasons. Three non-deciduous species (Sterculia euosma, Schefflera octophylla and Ficus orthoneura) appear to rely on deep water sources during the wet seasons. In nearby thin soils, R. sinica mainly utilized deep water in the dry season and a mixture of soil water and deep water in the wet season. A. trewioides relied on the same water sources (rainwater-derived soil water) in the different seasons. The above results indicate that inter-specific differences in rooting patterns and leaf phenologies may lead to the differ- ences in the sources of water used by coexisting plant species in karst regions.

http://www.cern.ac.cn/ftp/Seasonal%20water%20use%20patterns%20of%20woody%20species%20growing%20on%20the%20continuous%20dolostone%20outcrops%20and%20nearby%20thin%20soils%20in%20subtropical%20China(%E8%81%82%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F).pdf

Seasonal water use patterns of woody species growing on the continuous dolostone outcrops and nearby thin soils in subtropical China

Influence of land use on soil moisture spatial-temporal variability and monitoring

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/190337487/Green_et_al._2019_Chem_Geol_accepted.pdf

Soil functions and ecosystem services research in the Chinese karst Critical Zone

Author(s): Ma, J; Xiao, X; Miao, R; Li, Y; Chen, B; Zhang, Y; Zhao, B | Abstract: Terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) is an important flux that drives the global carbon cycle. However, quantifying the trend and the control factor of GPP from the pixel level to the regional level is still a challenge. We generated monthly GPP dataset using the vegetation photosynthesis model and calculated the interannual linear trend for China during 2000-2016. The Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend method was applied to detect the timing of breakpoint and trends shift of monthly GPP, while boosted regression tree analysis was used to identify the most important factor and its relative influence on GPP based on gridded leaf area index (LAI), aerosol optical thickness, and NCEP-DOE Reanalysis II meteorological data. The results show that annual mean GPP was significantly (P l 0.001, R 2 = 0.78) increased, especially in the Loess Plateau and South China, from 2000 to 2016. The change rate of annual mean GPP declined from 18.82 g C m-2 yr-1 in 2000-2008 to 3.48 g C m-2 yr-1 in 2008-2016. About 55.4% of the breakpoints occur between 2009 and 2011 and was mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Central China, Southwestern China, and South China, and negative oriented GPP trends variation type still accounts for about 28.76%. LAI and temperature related factors generally had the highest relative influence on GPP in the north part and south part of China, respectively. Our study indicates that the ecological restoration projects and rapid urbanization have respectively induced the most obvious increase and decrease trends of GPP in China. Land cover change and climate change are the main reasons for GPP dynamics in the north and south part of China, respectively.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab31e4/pdf

Trends and controls of terrestrial gross primary productivity of China during 2000-2016

Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture are little known on karst hillslope with shallow soil in subtropical region. The objectives of this paper were (1) to investigate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture at depth of 0–10 cm under different land uses; and (2) to understand the relationship between mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of moisture contents on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China. Soil moisture contents had a moderate variation (CV 17.5–30.3%) over an 8-month period and they had a significant difference among different land uses at the 0.01 level with a decreasing order: native scrubland > abandoned cropland and sloping cropland > economic forestland. There were higher mean and lower CV of moisture contents in rainy season than those in drought season. Mean and CV of moisture contents had a significant negative linear relationship except in abandoned cropland with higher soil and vegetation heterogeneity. This suggested that spatial variability of soil moisture within sampling sites would decrease when soils were wet and increase when soils were arid. Compared with rainy season, more soil samples may be needed and the interval for sampling should be shortened in drought season. Such information provided some insights to better understand the dynamics and variability of soil moisture at a larger scale in karst region of southwest China.

http://www.cern.ac.cn/ftp/Soil%20moisture%20dynamics%20under%20different%20land%20uses-%E9%99%88%E6%B4%AA%E6%9D%BE%EF%BC%88SCI%EF%BC%89.pdf

Soil moisture dynamics under different land uses on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China

Although the slopes of size spectra (plots of abundance on organism size) have been widely used to assess aquatic and terrestrial communities, size spectra have not been used to assess soil nematode communities. Two forms of size spectra (one based on the average biomass of nematode genera and another based on the average biomass of nematode size classes were used to assess the soil nematode communities in managed forage land and cropland, and in naturally developed grass-shrubland and secondary forests in a karst peak-cluster depression area. R2 values were larger for size spectra based on nematode size classes than on genera. The slopes of the size spectra for total nematodes were more negative in forage land and cropland than in grass-shrubland and secondary forests, which was consistent with disturbance of the soil nematode community by agricultural management. The results suggest that size spectra analysis is applicable to soil nematodes; they can reveal different land use types and may reveal the degree to which the soil nematodes in particular and the soil community in general have been disturbed. Size spectra may be more useful if based on nematode size classes rather than on genera.

Size spectra of soil nematode assemblages under different land use types

Based on time series analysis, the correlation between soil water and precipitation on the sloping land in red soil hilly region under two land use modes was studied from March to September, 2002-2004. The results showed that precipitation was not an autocorrelation series, while soil water at the depths of 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 cm was an autocorrelation series with 30-45 days of time correlation range. Precipitation and land use mode were the main factors affecting the correlation of soil water and precipitation. The effect of precipitation weakened gradually with increasing soil depth. This effect lasted 7-8 days in upper soil layers (0-10 and 0-30 cm) , but no marked regularity was observed in deeper soil layers. 2-3 days after raining, precipitation had the most prominent effect on soil water in 0-100 cm soil layer. The correlation time range was 1-3 days shorter in dry season than in wet season. When it didn' t rain more than 5 days, the water content in topsoil would decrease, and even, lead to seasonal drought. Compared with farmland, tea plantation had a weaker correlation between soil water and precipitation in surface soil, but a stronger and more persistent correlation in soil layers below 50 cm.

Time series analysis of soil water on sloping land in red soil hilly region

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Soil moisture dynamics under different land uses on karst hillslope in northwest Guangxi, China

Size spectra of soil nematode assemblages under different land use types

Time series analysis of soil water on sloping land in red soil hilly region