Metaverse as the latest buzzword has attracted great attention from both industry and academia. Metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to carry out rich activities including creation, display, entertainment, social networking, and trading. Thus, it is promising to build an exciting digital world and to transform a better physical world through the exploration of the metaverse. In this survey, we dive into the metaverse by discussing how Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence (AI) fuse with it through investigating the state-of-the-art studies across the metaverse components, digital currencies, AI applications in the virtual world, and blockchain-empowered technologies. Further exploitation and interdisciplinary research on the fusion of AI and Blockchain towards metaverse will definitely require collaboration from both academia and industries. We wish that our survey can help researchers, engineers, and educators build an open, fair, and rational future metaverse.

pdf/fusing-blockchain-and-ai-with-metaverse-a-survey-1j61k8nc.pdf

Fusing Blockchain and AI With Metaverse: A Survey

In this special issue is to indicate foresight, innovation, and strategy for the future direction of e-learning, more than web-oriented teaching and multipoint videoconferencing, for collaborative, distributed, experiential learning and creation of new knowledge, with youngsters around the world, which hence promote mutual understanding for global peace. Emphasis will be on knowledgeable and inspiring papers (but not limited) on the use of GRID networking technology with distributed computer simulation for experiential (hands-on) learning through broadband Internet, across national, continental and oceanic boundaries. Subjects are in any fields of e-learning and e-healthcare/telemedicine, in research, case studies, project descriptions, implementation, reports from the field or book review. Preparing this special issue with Dr. Salmon, took 6 months, from the beginning to the arrival period to the on your screen. This period was shorter than the first special issue publishing in 2004. Of course this success belongs to this issue's guest editor who I will explain a bit details him belove and what did he do during in his period. During this process, Dr. Salmon served very healthy communication between the authors. In addition, she spared his valuable time, beside his other academic activities and responsibilities in the name of her university, her lectures, and researches, duties for distance education field and for TOJDE as well. Each article in this issue has therefore been read carefully by Gilly; me and Dr. Gokdag. This process has maximized the quality and rigour of the published articles. In addition to the articles, " notes for editor " books review and news, sections are still keeping in this issue too. "Anadolu University's Articles" and "TOJDE's links are getting more" columns are still keeping in this issue too. I would like to express my sincere thanks especially to Dr. Salmon in the name of my University and also for TOJDE she was the leader of the guest editorial team in this special issue. She will give detail info about structure of the articles in her " From Guest Editors " article. I strongly believe that experience gained on this third special issue would encourage us and other interested colleagues in the field in the near future. Below you will find short biodata about guest editors. He interested in heavily with the applications of distance education in Turkey, profile of the distance education students and graduates, additionally relationships of the distance education graduates and market. And last but not …

Encyclopedia of Distance Learning

Phase gradient metagratings (PGMs) have provided unprecedented opportunities for wavefront manipulation. However, this approach suffers from fundamental limits on conversion efficiency; in some cases, higher order diffraction caused by the periodicity can be observed distinctly, while the working mechanism still is not fully understood, especially in refractive-type metagratings. Here we show, analytically and experimentally, a refractive-type metagrating which can enable anomalous reflection and refraction with almost unity efficiency over a wide incident range. A simple physical picture is presented to reveal the underlying diffraction mechanism. Interestingly, it is found that the anomalous transmission and reflection through higher order diffraction can be completely reversed by changing the integer parity of the PGM design, and such phenomenon is very robust. Two refractive acoustic metagratings are designed and fabricated based on this principle and the experimental results verify the theory.

/pdf/reversal-of-transmission-and-reflection-based-on-acoustic-9xm1tgcdnq.pdf

Reversal of transmission and reflection based on acoustic metagratings with integer parity design.

Domain keywords of text play a primary role in text classifying, clustering and personalized services. This paper proposes a term frequency inverse document frequency (TFIDF) based method called TDDF (TFIDF direct document frequency of domain) to extract domain keywords from multi-texts. First, we discuss the optimal parameters of TFIDF, which are used to extract textual keywords and domain keywords. Second, TDDF is proposed to extract domain keywords from multi-texts, which takes document frequency of domain into account. Finally, the distribution of domain keywords on scientific texts is studied. Experiments and applications show that TDDF is more effective than the optimal TFIDF in the extraction of domain keywords. Domain keywords accord with normal distribution on a single text after deleting the ubiquitous domain keywords. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Experimental study on the extraction and distribution of textual domain keywords

Techniques relating to managing multimedia transmissions in terminal services scenarios are described. In one instance, a method sends a user-interface component from a server to a remote client. The method further streams a media component for presentation on the remote client in combination with the user-interface component and wherein the media presentation is tracked but not displayed by the server.

Systems and methods for multimedia remoting over terminal server connections

Self-propelled patrolling vehicle can patrol periodically in the designed area as a surveillance robot to ensure the safety like men do. The proposed robot based on the self-propelled vehicle not only can save manpower but also ensure the operation of surveillance being well performed. Due to the limitation of manpower and the fixed camera positions, using surveillance is different from the traditional patrolling system. The paper proposes a self-propelled patrolling vehicle which can move automatically to a wider range and record the monitored image within a predefined patrolling route to improve the performance of the traditional patrolling system. Besides, the surveillance robot can be connected to the mobile device or website on Internet at anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the vehicle can be remote controlled by the instruction sent form the server or Smartphone to move to the position to get the indoor image we want. On the other hand, the position of self-propelled vehicles can be detected by the RFID readers mounted on the wall of the patrolling path as a feedback. The IP-CAM is also mounted on the proposed robot to record the images and transmit them back to the server via WiFi system for face tracking and discriminating analysis. As an alarm report, the proposed surveillance would use the build-in MSN module to notice users of the predefined events when happened. Experimental results are given in the paper to validate its performance.

Wireless indoor surveillance robot

An approach to build highly scalable and robust networked virtual environments (NVEs) is using the peer-to-peer overlay networks. Voronoi-based overlay network (VON) has been proposed to maintain a highly overlay topology consistency in a bandwidth- efficient manner. However, the related research requires all nodes to connect directly with their relevant neighbors. This limits the number of neighbors should appear within the area of interest (AOI) of a given node. A new forwarding model for VON is proposed to solve this problem by connecting only with the nearest neighbors that is called the enclosing neighbors (EN), and propagating the position updates information to other nodes by message forwarding. In this way, the AOI of a given node may be more flexibly expanded and different bandwidth capacities may be more efficiently utilized.

/pdf/a-forwarding-model-for-voronoi-based-overlay-network-56u0auu1i6.pdf

A forwarding model for Voronoi-based Overlay Network

Software testing and metrics are two important approaches to assure the reliability and quality of software. The emergence of concurrent programming in recent years introduces new testing problems and difficulties that cannot be solved by testing techniques for traditional sequential programs. One of the difficult tasks is that concurrent programs can have many instances of execution for the same set of input data. Many concurrent program testing methodologies propose to solve controlled execution and determinism. There are few discussions of concurrent software testing from the inter-task viewpoints. Yet, the common characteristics of concurrent programming are explicit identification of the large grain parallel computation units (tasks), and the explicit inter-task communication via rendezvous-style mechanisms. In this paper, we focus on testing concurrent programs through task decomposition. We propose four testing criteria to test a concurrent program. The programmer can choose an appropriate testing strategy depending on the properties of the concurrent program. Associated with the strategies, four equations are provided to measure the complexity of concurrent programs.

Task decomposition testing and metrics for concurrent programs

Self-propelled patrolling vehicles can patrol periodically in the designed area to ensure the safety like men do The proposed vehicle cannot only save manpower, but also ensure the performance without mistakes caused by man It is different from the traditional patrolling system which is limited by the manpower and the fixed camera positions To improve such situation, this paper proposes a self-propelled patrolling vehicle which can move automatically to a wider range and record the monitored image by IPCAM within a predefined patrolling route Besides, the user can use the mobile device or website to connect to the vehicle at anytime and anywhere and control it to move to the position to get the indoor image user wants The position of self-propelled vehicles can be detected by the RFID reader as a feedback and be shown on the PC screen and smart phone The recorded images can be also transmitted back to the server via WiFi system for face tracking and discriminating analysis On the other hand, the self-propelled vehicle patrolling routes can be modified by the Android smart-phone remote-control module When some defined events occur, the build-in MSN module will notice users by sending messages to PC and smart phone Experimental results are given in the paper to validate its performance

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jr/2011/197105.pdf

Indoor Surveillance Security Robot with a Self-Propelled Patrolling Vehicle

As the network transmission is prevailing in many applications, an entity in a network virtual environment (NVE) can deliver data to other entities under peer-to-peer architecture. This paper proposes a message interchange protocol based on routing information protocol (RIP). In this message interchange protocol, every entity can know that it is in some entities' area of interest (AOI). In this way, every entity can deliver data to other entities without via server. Furthermore, according to the group in four quadrants, every entity can get the information of other entities' by interchanging data of each others'. Based on this message interchange protocol, every entity can still work in the NVE when the server is crashed. Even if there is an entity crashes, other entities can also work in the NVE.

Messages interchange protocol based on routing information protocol in a virtual world

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