u n d e r s t o o d . T h e C O O L s ava i l ab l e t o d a y s u f f e r f r o m t h e so-called inheritance anomaly [15]. It has even been doubted whether concurrency can blend well with inheritance [3]. One purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between concurrency and inheritance. The acclaimed benefit of inheritance is code reuse. Reusability is an important factor in the development of software, both sequential and concurrent. It has several facets, however, and inheritance is only one of them. It is important for practical software engineering that both sequential and concurrent programs can be developed within the same language framework, and that the boundary between sequentiality and concurrency be no impediment to reuse. This calls for a COOL approach that minimizes the differences between syntax and semantics of sequential versus concurrent code. Ideally, any piece of code should have both a sequential and a concurrent interpretation, and they should be "reasonably close." Approximation of this ideal is another goal of the COOL approach presented here.

Concurrency annotations for reusable software

We introduce concurrency to the object-oriented language Eiffel through a set of Clans Libraries and an associated concurrent programming design method. This concurrency mechanism is well suited for client/server style distributed applications. The essential principles of sequential object-oriented programming offered by Eiffel are not sacrificed, since no changes are made to the Eiffel Language [19], or its run-time system. Our concurrency abstractions are presented as encapsulated behavior of Eiffel objects that can be inherited from the CONCURRENCY Class

Introducing concurrency to a sequential language

Inheritance is one of the key concepts in object-oriented programming. However, the usefulness of inheritance in concurrent object-oriented programming is greatly reduced by the problem of inheritance anomaly. Inheritance anomaly is manifested by undesirable re-definitions of inherited code. The problem is aggravated by the lack of a formal analysis, with a multitude of differing proposals and conflicting opinions causing the current state of research, and further directions, to be unclear. In this paper we present a formal analysis of inheritance anomaly in concurrent object-oriented programming. Starting from a formal definition of the problem we develop a taxonomy of the anomaly, and use it to classify the various proposals. As a result, the major ideas, trends and limitations of the various proposals are clearly exposed. Formal analysis of the anomaly and a thorough exposition of its causes and implications are the pre-requisites for a successful integration of inheritance and concurrency.

/pdf/classifying-inheritance-mechanisms-in-concurrent-object-38jnehykjk.pdf

Classifying Inheritance Mechanisms in Concurrent Object Oriented Programming

This paper presents the new concepts of static and dynamic objects in the context of an object-oriented parallel programming language. Examples are used to illustrate those concepts and their usefulness to practical software development. Dynamic objects provide an abstraction of objects similar to processes that move from one node to another in a distributed system, or airplanes that traverse the airspace controlled by different air-traffic control towers. Dynamic objects are semi-persistent entities because the life time of an object can be spanned by several objects which are active sequentially or in parallel. A relation, ownership, is defined between static and dynamic objects. Two programming language constructs export and import are defined to facilitate changes in the ownership relation. This imposes a new control flow among the objects and uses copy-and-delete semantics. The new constructs are illustrated using practical problems. I. INTRODUCTION The advent of commercial parallel processing machines in the hardware area and the emergence of new programming paradigms such as object-oriented programming in the software area have a positive impact on the development of efficient and reliable software. As a necessity, we need the languages to satisfy sufficiently the requirements for the parallel and distributed programming applications. It is also necessary that these languages support good software engineering methodologies. Object-oriented programming has emerged as a paradigm that supports practical software development with its ability to represent real-world problems. We are concerned in this paper with high-level language support for distributed computing within the context of object-oriented programming paradigm along with the dynamic interactions of objects.

Language concepts using dynamic and distributed objects

Automation techniques are required to manage the complexity inherent in the design of large computer based systems and to provide an efficient means for using the services present in other system.Operational models often allow timing constraints to be expressed and, consequently, a discrete-event simulation of the model can be performed. In this way, statistical estimates of the system's parameters can be collected in order to support decision making. When a formal proof would be too expensive, such statistics can confidently be used to determine some properties of the system.O3ML (Operational Object-Oriented Modeling Language) is a graphical language develped by us, to model complex operational software system, which is centered upon the creation of a system prototype providing the feature to dynamically generate actors and establish connection during run time. The developed models can be evaluated it in a controlled simulation framework.In O3ML actors can be assembled into complex structures forming composite actors, by establishing connection using connectors. In a more abstract view, these networked structures can be interpreted as entity-relationship models. Such aggregation of actors is always encapsulated within a higher-level composite actor specification. An actor class can, thus, encapsulate an actor (which is a composite actor). This would make the actor structure recursive so that arbitrary complex hierarchical actor structures can be constructed.

Static, dynamic and run-time modeling of compound classes

We examine the interaction of abstraction, distribution, and synchronization in determining the granularity of modules in object-based concurrent systems. The relation between linearizability and s...

Granularity of modules in object-based concurrent systems

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Granularity of modules in object-based concurrent systems