Tight control of gene expression is highly characteristic of virus replication, although the mechanisms used to achieve this vary depending on the host cell. There are considerable differences in patterns of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Control of gene expression is also achieved at a posttranscriptional level by control over translation of proteins using a number of different mechanisms. Finally, epigenetics plays a significant role in controlling virus gene expression, just as it does for cellular genes. The net results of all these interlocking processes are a complex web of interactions between the virus genome and the machinery of the host cell.

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128019467000055

Chapter 5 – Expression

Inner Speech: New Voices

The history of philosophy is a history of false dichotomies. The dichotomy between relationalists and representationalists is one such false dichotomy. Relationalists argue that perception is fundamentally a matter of a perceiver being related to her environment. Representationalists argue that perception is fundamentally a matter of a perceiver representing her environment. However, the standard views in the debate are either austerely relationalist or austerely representationalist. According to austere representationalists, perception is fundamentally representational but not fundamentally relational. According to austere relationalists, perception is fundamentally relational but not fundamentally representational. Against both, I argue that perceptual relations to the environment and the content of experience should be recognized to be mutually dependent in any explanation of what brings about perceptual awareness of the environment. Another way of expressing the idea is that being acquainted with particulars in one’s environment is neither metaphysically nor explanatorily more basic than representing one’s environment. As I argue, there is no such thing as being brutely acquainted with one’s

/pdf/the-relational-and-representational-character-of-perceptual-3wbxks3yt1.pdf

The Relational and Representational Character of Perceptual Experience

Ten years ago, one of us proposed a dynamic hierarchical model of intentions that brought together philosophical work on intentions and empirical work on motor representations and motor control (Pacherie, 2008). The model distinguished among Distal intentions, Proximal intentions, and Motor intentions operating at different levels of action control (hence the name DPM model). This model specified the representational and functional profiles of each type of intention, as well their local and global dynamics, and the ways in which they interact. A core insight of the model was that action control is the result of integrated, coordinated activity across these levels of intention. Since the proposal of the model, empirical and theoretical works in philosophy and cognitive science have emerged that would seem to support and expand on this central insight. In particular, an updated understanding of the nature of sensorimotor processing and motor representations, as well as of how the different levels of intention and control interface and interact, allows for the further specification and precisification of the original DPM model. This article is categorized under: Philosophy > Psychological Capacities Psychology > Motor Skill and Performance Philosophy > Action.

Intentions: The dynamic hierarchical model revisited.

Do self-monitoring accounts, a dominant account of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, explain auditory verbal hallucination? In this essay, I argue that the account fails to answer crucial questions any explanation of auditory verbal hallucination must address Where the account provides a plausible answer, I make the case for an alternative explanation: auditory verbal hallucination is not the result of a failed control mechanism, namely failed self-monitoring, but, rather, of the persistent automaticity of auditory experience of a voice My argument emphasizes the importance of careful examination of phenomenology as providing substantive constraints on causal models of the positive symptoms in schizophrenia

/pdf/explaining-schizophrenia-auditory-verbal-hallucination-and-4sbnc4mmzn.pdf

Explaining Schizophrenia: Auditory Verbal Hallucination and Self-Monitoring

Milner and Goodale’s influential account of the primate cortical visualstreams involves a division of consciousness between them, for it is the ventral streamthathastheresponsibilityforvisualconsciousness.Hence,thedorsalvisualstreamisa‘zombie’ stream. In this article, I argue that certain information carried by the dorsalstreamlikelyplaysacentralroleintheegocentricspatialcontentofexperience,especiallythe experience of visual spatial constancy. Thus, the dorsal stream contributes to apervasivefeatureofconsciousness. 1. Introduction SincetheseminalworkofMishkinandUngerleider(1982),thestandardpictureoftheprimatevisualsystemidentifiestwoseparatevisualstreamsemanatingfromearlycorticalvisualareas:a dorsalstream thatextendsintotheparietallobeanda ventral streamthatextendsintothetemporallobe(seeFigure1).UngerleiderandMishkinfurtherarguedthatthedorsalstreamservesspatialvision(‘where’)whiletheventralstreamservesobjectvision(‘what’).Subsequently,MilnerandGoodale(1995)advancedaninfluentialreconceptual-izationofthefunctionofthestreams:thedorsalstreamisforthedirectcontrolofmotoraction;theventralstreamisforperceptionwhichinformscognition.Whilemuchfocushasbeendirectedattheirclaimsaboutaction,Ifocusontheirclaimsaboutconsciousness.

/pdf/against-division-consciousness-information-and-the-visual-3capuotq7o.pdf

Against Division: Consciousness, Information and the Visual Streams

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Explaining Schizophrenia: Auditory Verbal Hallucination and Self-Monitoring

Against Division: Consciousness, Information and the Visual Streams