This is the 30th annual review of the application of atomic spectrometry to the chemical analysis of environmental samples. This Update refers to papers published approximately between August 2013 and July 2014 and continues the series of Atomic Spectrometry Updates (ASUs) in environmental analysis that should be read in conjunction with other related ASUs in the series, namely: clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages, advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques, elemental speciation,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and the analysis of metals, chemicals and functional materials. In the field of air analysis, highlights within this review period included: the use of 3D printing technology for the rapid prototyping of new air sampler components; single particle ICP-MS studies; use of a new triple-quadrupole ICP-MS for the analysis of radioactive species and the use of FEG-SEM and IBA for the analysis of gun-shot residues. In the field of water analysis, methods continue to be developed: for the extraction and preconcentration of elements; speciation of As, Cr, Hg and Sb forms and determination of elemental constituents in colloidal and NP fractions. Instrumental developments reported include the use of MC-ICP-MS for isotopic tracer studies and a review of XRF techniques and associated preconcentration procedures for trace element analysis. Many articles featuring the analysis of plants and soils appeared but, as usual, most focused on environmental applications rather than the advancement of atomic spectrometry. There have, however, been interesting developments, such as the almost bewildering increase in types of micro-extraction for analyte preconcentration and the resurgence of CS-AAS. Clearly LIBS is maturing rapidly, with soil analysis becoming more routine in nature. Also notable was the way the accident at the Fukishima-Daiichi nuclear power plant triggered development of analytical methods for the assessment of contamination in the surrounding area. Recent research indicates that geological applications still drives many of the instrumental and methodological advances in LA-ICP-MS. Fundamental studies continue to shed light on the processes involved and hence ways of improving the analysis of laser-produced aerosols. The preparation of NP powders for the production of matrix-matched RMs for microanalytical techniques such as LA-ICP-MS and SIMS showed great promise for addressing one of the major issues when analysing geological materials by these techniques. Steady advances in MC-ICP-MS methodology is feeding through to applications in isotope geochemistry, while new SIMS instrumentation is being directed towards probing fine growth structures in biogenic carbonates and inferring past climate conditions from their geochemistry. Feedback on this review is most welcome and the review coordinator can be contacted using the email address provided.

/pdf/atomic-spectrometry-update-a-review-of-advances-in-2r8uzbiose.pdf

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

A transformative advance in Earth science is the development of low‐temperature thermochronometry to date Earth surface processes or quantify the thermal evolution of rocks through time. Grand challenges and new directions in low‐temperature thermochronometry involve pushing the boundaries of these techniques to decipher thermal histories operative over seconds to hundreds of millions of years, in recent or deep geologic time and from the perspective of atoms to mountain belts. Here we highlight innovation in bedrock and detrital fission track, (U–Th)/He, and trapped charge thermochronometry, as well as thermal history modeling that enable fresh perspectives on Earth science problems. These developments connect low‐temperature thermochronometry tools with new users across Earth science disciplines to enable transdisciplinary research. Method advances include radiation damage and crystal chemistry influences on fission track and (U–Th)/He systematics, atomistic calculations of He diffusion, measurement protocols and numerical modeling routines in trapped charge systematics, development of He/He and new (U–Th)/He thermochronometers, and multimethod approaches. New applications leverage method developments and include quantifying landscape evolution at variable temporal scales, changes to Earth's surface in deep geologic time and connections to mantle processes, the spectrum of fault processes from paleoearthquakes to slow slip and fluid flow, and paleoclimate and past critical zone evolution. These research avenues have societal implications for modern climate change, groundwater flow paths, mineral resource and petroleum systems science, and earthquake hazards. Plain Language Summary Documenting the timing and rates of transformations to Earth's surface and crust helps scientists understand how and why geologic processes occur and improves predictions of future changes to our planet. The field of low‐temperature thermochronometry, which quantifies the temperature (T < 250 °C) evolution of minerals and rocks through time, is uniquely suited to address these challenges. We highlight development of three techniques: fission track (damage tracks from spontaneous fission), (U–Th)/He (abundances of uranium and thorium compared to helium), and trapped charge (electrons trapped in crystal defects) thermochronometry. Innovations in these methods enable breakthroughs on long‐standing and emerging Earth science problems. For example, low‐ temperature thermochronometry can document dramatic changes to Earth's surface through erosion and plate tectonics, such as past earthquakes or detect subtle surface changes that are connected to deep (mantle) Earth processes. Thermochronometry research has implications for climate change, geologic exploration of other planets, subsurface water, resource development, and earthquake hazards. 1. Thermochronometry and Earth Processes Many Earth processes result in a change in Earth's thermal structure. Temperature changes impart distinct geochemical and isotopic fingerprints on minerals and rocks. A transformative advance in Earth science is the development of thermochronometry, which utilizes these fingerprints to quantify the thermal evolution of rocks through time as they move through Earth's subsurface. Radioisotopic systems sensitive to a range of temperatures place specific ages on Earthmaterials from the oldest preserved rocks andminerals to the most recently formed, as well as dates on processes that cool, weather, transport, and deposit them. Low‐ ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. FEATURE ARTICLE 10.1029/2018TC005312 Key Points: • Challenges in low‐temperature thermochronometry involve resolving complex thermal histories in recent or deep time • We summarize method advances and new applications in (U–Th)/He, fission track, and trapped charge thermochronometry • Innovations in methods, materials science, multimethod approaches, and modeling will enable new Earth science discoveries in coming years Correspondence to: A. K. Ault, alexis.ault@usu.edu Citation: Ault, A. K., Gautheron, C., & King, G. E. (2019). Innovations in (U–Th)/He, fission track, and trapped charge thermochronometry with applications to earthquakes, weathering, surface‐mantle connections, and the growth and decay of mountains. Tectonics, 38. https://doi.org/10.1029/ 2018TC005312 Received 7 MAY 2019 Accepted 7 AUG 2019 Accepted article online 24 AUG 2019

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018TC005312

Innovations in (U–Th)/He, Fission Track, and Trapped Charge Thermochronometry with Applications to Earthquakes, Weathering, Surface-Mantle Connections, and the Growth and Decay of Mountains

The development and application of geochronological tools suitable for dating Cenozoic rocks and processes have been instrumental to our understanding of the modern history of Australia. Geochronology reveals a dynamic continent that traced a long and rapid trajectory from a position adjacent to Antarctica in the early Cenozoic to its present position near the tropics. The average travel velocity along this path is revealed by the age of hotspot volcanoes, derived by the K–Ar method, and is complemented by measured geomagnetic pole positions on dated igneous rocks and sedimentary deposits. K–Ar dating of volcanic rocks also provided constraints on rates of landscape evolution before and after volcanism and the timing and pattern of dispersion of life—including human inhabitation. K–Ar geochronological results reveal a history of faunal and floral evolution suggestive of a continent undergoing progressive cooling and dehydration with a few brief warm and humid excursions. In contrast, 40Ar/39Ar, SHRIMP U–P...

Geochronology of the Australian Cenozoic: a history of tectonic and igneous activity, weathering, erosion, and sedimentation*

Sediment supply to the Orange sedimentary system over the last 150 My: An evaluation from sedimentation/denudation balance

Cenozoic denudation history of southern Hainan Island, South China Sea: Constraints from low temperature thermochronology

Thermochronology, the use of temperature-sensitive radiometric dating methods to reconstruct the time-temperature histories of rocks, has proved to be an important means of constraining a variety of geological processes. In general, different depths within the Earth’s crust are characterized by different temperature regimes and processes. Within the upper crustal environment, temperature can often be used as a proxy for depth, so that reconstructed cooling histories may reveal a record of rock movement towards the surface. That portion of this process which involves temperature variations within the uppermost ~150–200 °C of crustal depth has been the basis for the application of low temperature thermochronology to a range of interdisciplinary problems in the Earth Sciences. The last fifteen or so years have sparked widespread interest in this field and this proliferation has been driven in part by advances in analytical techniques, numerical modeling, and fundamental changes of perspectives on the significance of radioisotopic ages (e.g., McDougall and Harrison 1999; Gleadow et al. 2002a; Farley 2002). One area of rapidly growing interest, which has provided unprecedented insights in this regard, has been the quantification in time and space of surface processes and shallow crustal tectonism using low temperature thermochronology, often combined with complementary techniques structural analysis, geomorphic, numerical modeling, and cosmogenic isotope studies (e.g., House et al. 1998; Ehlers and Farley 2003; Belton et al. 2004; Ehlers 2005).

One of the best established and most sensitive low temperature thermochronology methods available for reconstructing such histories in the upper ~3–5 km of the continental crust, over time scales of millions to hundreds of millions of years, is apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology which responds to temperatures of typically <110 ± 10 °C.

As for other thermochronological methods, fission track analysis involves a geological dating technique in which the …

Visualizing Thermotectonic and Denudation Histories Using Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology

To promote a more efficient and transparent geochemistry data ecosystem, a consortium of Australian university research laboratories called the AuScope Geochemistry Network assembled to build a collaborative platform for the express purpose of preserving, disseminating and collating geochronology and isotopic data. In partnership with geoscience‐data‐solutions company Lithodat Pty Ltd, the open, cloud‐based AusGeochem platform (https://ausgeochem.auscope.org.au) was developed to simultaneously serve as a geosample registry, a geochemical data repository and a data analysis tool. Informed by method‐specific groups of geochemistry experts and established international data reporting practices, community‐agreed database schemas were developed for rock and mineral geosample metadata and secondary ion mass spectrometry U‐Pb analysis, with additional models for laser ablation‐inductively coupled‐mass spectrometry U‐Pb and Lu‐Hf, Ar‐Ar, fission‐track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He under development. Collectively, the AusGeochem platform provides the geochemistry community with a new, dynamic resource to help facilitate FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data management, streamline data dissemination and advanced quantitative investigations of Earth system processes. By systematically archiving detailed geochemical (meta‐)data in structured schemas, intractably large datasets comprising thousands of analyses produced by numerous laboratories can be readily interrogated in novel and powerful ways. These include rapid derivation of inter‐data relationships, facilitating on‐the‐fly data compilation, analysis and visualisation.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ggr.12419

AusGeochem: An Open Platform for Geochemical Data Preservation, Dissemination and Synthesis

Abstract Low-temperature thermochronology is a powerful tool for constraining the thermal evolution of rocks and minerals in relation to a breadth of tectonic, geodynamic, landscape evolution, and natural resource formation processes through deep time. However, complexities inherent to these analytical techniques can make interpreting the significance of results challenging, requiring them to be placed in their geological context in 4-dimensions (3D + time). We present a novel tool for the geospatial archival, analysis and dissemination of fission-track and (U-Th)/He data, built as an extension to the open-access AusGeochem platform ( https://ausgeochem.auscope.org.au ) and freely accessible to scientists from around the world. To demonstrate the power of the platform, three regional datasets from Kenya, Australia and the Red Sea are placed in their 4D geological, geochemical, and geographic contexts, revealing insights into the tectono-thermal evolutions of these areas. Beyond facilitating data interpretation, the archival of fission track and (U-Th)/He (meta-)data in relational schemas unlocks future potential for greater integration of thermochronology and numerical geoscience techniques. The power of formatting data to interface with external tools is demonstrated through the integration of GPlates Web Service with AusGeochem , enabling thermochronology data to be readily viewed in their paleogeographic context through deep time from within the platform. 

/pdf/a-geospatial-platform-for-the-tectonic-interpretation-of-low-2z5u3gxc.pdf

A geospatial platform for the tectonic interpretation of low-temperature thermochronology Big Data

Opening the full Potential of Geochemical Big Data utilising AusGeochem

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