Part 1 The argumentative turn: policy institutions and practices: Policy discourse and the politics of Washington think tanks, Frank Fischer Discourse coalitions and the institutionalization of practice - the case of acid rain in Great Britain, Maarten Hajer Political judgement and the policy cycle - the case of ethnicity arguments in the Netherlands, Robert Hoppe Counsel and consensus - norms of argumentation in health policy, Bruce Jennings. Part 2 Analytical concepts - frames, tropes, and narratives: Survey research as rhetorical trope - electric power planning arguments in Chicago, J.A. Throgmorton Frame reflective policy discourse, Martin Rein and Donald Schon Reading policy narratives - beginning, middle, and end, Thomas J. Kaplan Learning from practice stories - the priority of practical judgement, John Forester. Part 3 Theoretical perspectives: Policy anlysis and planning - from science to argumentation, John Dryzek Planning through debate - the communicative turn in planning theory, Patsy Healey Policy reforms as arguments, William Dunn Two worlds of policy discourse - consensual versus adversarial proposal selection, Duncan MacRae.

http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/POLICY%20ANALYSIS%20The%20Argumentative%20turn%20in%20policy%20analysis%20and%20planning.pdf

The argumentative turn in policy analysis and planning

This essay proposes a theory of human communication based on a conception of persons as homo narrans. It compares and contrasts this view with the traditional rational perspective on symbolic interaction. The viability of the narrative paradigm and its attendant notions of reason and rationality are demonstrated through an extended analysis of key aspects of the current nuclear war controversy and a brief application to The Epic of Gilgamesh. The narrative paradigm synthesizes two strands in rhetorical theory: the argumentative, persuasive theme and the literary, aesthetic theme.

Narration as a human communication paradigm: The case of public moral argument

In this book two of the leading figures in argumentation theory present a view of argumentation as a means of resolving differences of opinion by testing the acceptability of the disputed positions. Their model of a 'critical discussion' serves as a theoretical tool for analysing, evaluating and producing argumentative discourse. They develop a method for the reconstruction of argumentative discourse that takes into account all aspects that are relevant to a critical assessment. They also propose a practical code of behaviour for discussants who want to resolve their differences in a reasonable way. This is a major contribution to the study of argumentation and will be of particular value to professionals and graduate students in speech communication, informal logic, rhetoric, critical thinking, linguistics, and philosophy.

http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003046181.pdf

A Systematic Theory of Argumentation: The pragma-dialectical approach

This essay situates the narrative paradigm in regard to major social scientific and humanistic theories, and applies the paradigm in an interpretation and assessment of the conversation between Socrates and Callicles in Plato's Gorgias.

The narrative paradigm: An elaboration

The common justification of rhetoric as “making the truth effective” courts an attitude which has nearly always viewed rhetoric as the harlot of the arts. “Truth,” of course, can be taken in several senses. If one takes it as prior and immutable, then one has no use for rhetoric except to address inferiors. If one takes it as contingent, then perhaps one ought avoid the term altogether or at least re‐examine the familiar justification, since it implies truth as somehow existing prior to persuasion.

On viewing rhetoric as epistemic

(1960). Toulmin on argument: An interpretation and application. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 44-53.

Toulmin on argument: An interpretation and application

Decision by debate

Argument is defined as a process whereby people reason their way from one set of problematic ideas to the choice of another. Based on this concept, six characteristics of arguments are identified.

Where Is Argument

The Rhetoric of Black Power.

The concepts of human understanding and arguing are approached perspectivally by emphasizing one dimension of a construct as the figure and deemphasizing others as the ground. This approach is designed to supplement a more traditional mode of analyzing categories reductionistically. Human understanding may be thematized empirically, personally, or linguistically. Arguing may be thematized as rhetorical process, logical product, or dialectical method. The essay illustrates the interaction between the two constructs by suggesting how human understanding that features the empirical dimension may be pursued by a perspective that yields two dialectical methods of arguing: a traditional either/or approach or a holistic both/and mode. Although both methods of arguing and both approaches to human understanding have utility, the both/and method of arguing about a perspectival view of understanding probably is not used as often as might be valuable.

Arguing about Human Understanding.

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