Linear perspective projection has served as the dominant imaging model in computer vision. Recent developments in image sensing make the perspective model highly restrictive. This paper presents a general imaging model that can be used to represent an arbitrary imaging system. It is observed that all imaging systems perform a mapping from incoming scene rays to photo-sensitive elements on the image detector. This mapping can be conveniently described using a set of virtual sensing elements called raxels. Raxels include geometric, radiometric and optical properties. We present a novel calibration method that uses structured light patterns to extract the raxel parameters of an arbitrary imaging system. Experimental results for perspective as well as ion-perspective imaging systems are included.

/pdf/a-general-imaging-model-and-a-method-for-finding-its-ed2pshjp3s.pdf

A general imaging model and a method for finding its parameters

We present a new method for the animation and rendering of photo-realistic water effects. Our method is designed to produce visually plausible three dimensional effects, for example the pouring of ...

/pdf/animation-and-rendering-of-complex-water-surfaces-3aq3xz404f.pdf

Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces

Rendering participating media is important for a number of domains, ranging from commercial applications (entertainment, virtual reality) to simulation systems (driving, flying, and space simulators) and safety analyses (driving conditions, sign visibility). This article surveys global illumination algorithms for environments including participating media. It reviews both appearance-based and physically-based media methods, including the single-scattering and the more general multiple-scattering techniques. The objective of the survey is the characterization of all these methods: identification of their base techniques, assumptions, limitations, and range of utilization. It concludes with some reflections about the suitability of the methods depending on the specific application involved, and possible future research lines.

/pdf/a-survey-on-participating-media-rendering-techniques-37gpt4qgee.pdf

A survey on participating media rendering techniques

An imaging model provides a mathematical description of correspondence between points in a scene and in an image. The dominant imaging model, perspective projection, has long been used to describe traditional cameras as well as the human eye. We propose an imaging model which is flexible enough to represent an arbitrary imaging system. For example using this model we can describe systems using fisheye lenses or compound insect eyes, which violate the assumptions of perspective projection. By relaxing the requirements of perspective projection, we give imaging system designers greater freedom to explore systems which meet other requirements such as compact size and wide field of view. We formulate our model by noting that all imaging systems perform a mapping from incoming scene rays to photosensitive elements on the image detector. This mapping can be conveniently described using a set of virtual sensing elements called raxels. Raxels include geometric, radiometric and optical properties. We present a novel ray based calibration method that uses structured light patterns to extract the raxel parameters of an arbitrary imaging system. Experimental results for perspective as well as non-perspective imaging systems are included.

/pdf/the-raxel-imaging-model-and-ray-based-calibration-5ed16rbssb.pdf

The Raxel Imaging Model and Ray-Based Calibration

Graphics hardware has been developed with image production in mind, but current hardware can be exploited for much more general computation. This paper shows that graphics hardware can perform general calculations, which accelerate the rendering process much earlier than at the latter image generation stages. An example is given of the real time calculation of refractive caustics.

/pdf/general-calculations-using-graphics-hardware-with-2myp2iqrgu.pdf

General Calculations using Graphics Hardware with Applications to Interactive Caustics

A new two pass approach is presented based on a variation of backward ray tracing backward beam tracing. Advantages include its capability of rendering complex, hitherto unattainable, specular to d...

Light-water interaction using backward beam tracing

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Light-water interaction using backward beam tracing