1. In analysing the ecological conditions of an animal population we have above all to focus our attention upon the most sensitive stages within the life cycle of the animal, that is, the period of breeding and larval development.

Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates.

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) has historically been categorized into monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages on the basis of functional and phenotypical characteristics. However, considering that these characteristics are often overlapping, the distinction between and classification of these cell types has been challenging. In this Opinion article, we propose a unified nomenclature for the MPS. We suggest that these cells can be classified primarily by their ontogeny and secondarily by their location, function and phenotype. We believe that this system permits a more robust classification during both steady-state and inflammatory conditions, with the benefit of spanning different tissues and across species.

Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually undergo fusion and fission. These opposing processes work in concert to maintain the shape, size, and number of mitochondria and their physiological function. Some of the major molecules mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals have been discovered, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially unraveled. In particular, the cast of characters involved in mitochondrial fission needs to be clarified. By enabling content mixing between mitochondria, fusion and fission serve to maintain a homogeneous and healthy mitochondrial population. Mitochondrial dynamics has been linked to multiple mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial DNA stability, respiratory capacity, apoptosis, response to cellular stress, and mitophagy. Because of these important functions, mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential in mammals, and even mild defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with disease. A better understanding of these processes likely will ultimately lead to improvements in human health.

Fusion and Fission: Interlinked Processes Critical for Mitochondrial Health

Inhaltsiibersieht. Seitc L Einlei tung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599-601 II. ExperimenteUe Analyse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601--622 ExpEriment Triton 1921, Um 8b (S. 601--606, Abb. 1--6); Triton 1922, Um 25b (S. 607--609, Abb. 7--9); Triton 1922, Um 214 (S. 609) ; Triton 1922,131b (S. 609--614, Abb. 10--15) ; Triton 1922, Um 83 (S. 614--617, Abb. 16--18); Triton 1922, 132 (S. 617--622, Abb. 19--25). III. Diskussion der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622--637 1. Herkunft und prospektive Bcdeu.tung des Organisators und Art seiner Implantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 2. Verhalten des Orgaifisators nach der Implantation . . . . 624 3. Bauder sekundi~ren Embryonalanlage . . . . . . . . . . 625 4. Entstehungsursaehen der sekundiiren Embryonalanlage . . 627 5. Organisator und Organisationszentrum . . . . . . . . . . 634 IV. Zusammen/assung der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637--638 V. Literaturverzeichnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02108176.pdf

über Induktion von Embryonalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren

Mitochondria fuse and divide in response to cell demands and environment. Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics underlie various human diseases, including cancer and neurologic and cardiovascular diseases. Defining the alterations may identify potential therapeutic targets.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMra1215233/suppl_file/nejmra1215233_appendix.pdf

Mitochondrial dynamics--mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases.

Cell division with special reference to cells in tissue cultures.

The migratory mesenchymal cells in cultures of the embryonic chick heart show all stages of transformation from the bipolar and multipolar reticular cells to the flat mesothelial forms. One can actually observe this change in form. Such mesothelial cells seem to differ from the mesenchymal cells only in form and not in structure, indicating that mesothelium is to be considered not as a tissue differentiated from the mesenchyme, but merely as a change or transformation in form. These observations, together with those of W. C. Clarke, indicate that, in the healing of wounds of the mesothelium lining the peritoneal, pleural, and serous cavities, new mesothelium may arise from the subjacent mesenchyme by the change in form of its cells, and that the repair after abrasions of the mesothelium is not necessarily brought about by a spreading of the adjacent mesothelium over the wound, such as occurs in repair of skin wounds.

/pdf/mesenchyme-and-mesothelium-3zoxtds4yi.pdf

Mesenchyme and mesothelium.

Observations on cells in tissue‐cultures with dark‐field illumination

The cultivation of sympathetic nerves from the intestine of chick embryos in saline solutions

The cultivation of tissues from chick embryos in solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, KC1 and NaHCO3

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