The field of biomaterials aims to improve regenerative outcomes or scientific understanding for a wide range of tissue types and ailments. Biomaterials can be fabricated from natural or synthetic sources and display a plethora of mechanical, electrical, and geometrical properties dependent on their desired application. To date, most biomaterial systems designed for eventual translation to the clinic rely on soluble signaling moieties, such as growth factors, to elicit a specific cellular response. However, these soluble factors are often limited by high cost, convoluted synthesis, low stability, and difficulty in regulation, making the translation of these biomaterials systems to clinical or commercial applications a long and arduous process. In response to this, significant effort has been dedicated to researching cell-directive biomaterials which can signal for specific cell behavior in the absence of soluble factors. Cells of all tissue types have been shown to be innately in tune with their microenvironment, which is a biological phenomenon that can be exploited by researchers to design materials that direct cell behavior based on their intrinsic characteristics. This review will focus on recent developments in biomaterials that direct cell behavior using biomaterial properties such as charge, peptide presentation, and micro- or nano-geometry. These next generation biomaterials could offer significant strides in the development of clinically relevant medical devices which improve our understanding of the cellular microenvironment and enhance patient care in a variety of ailments.

Cell-instructive biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Insights into optimizing exosome therapies for acute skin wound healing and other tissue repair.

Abstract Pathological scars (PS) are involved in the excessive response of inflammation and overactivation of myofibroblasts. Herein, a novel microneedle (MN) patch based on the adipose‐derived stem cell concentrated conditioned medium (ADSCC‐CM) cross‐linked keratin hydrogel is developed to load triamcinolone acetonide (TA), thereby achieving the dual‐drug delivery of ADSCC‐CM and TA to simultaneously reduce the inflammation and guide myofibroblast behaviors. Results not only confirm the ability of ADSCC‐CM to drive the formation of keratin‐based hydrogel, but also verify the dual‐drug release capacities of the hydrogel‐developed MNs (TA@AC‐MN). Using human hyperplastic scar fibroblast (HSF), the combination of ADSCC‐CM and TA demonstrates a pronounced synergistic effect in mitigating the detrimental effects of the inflammatory microenvironment on HSFs, including suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuating the expression of inflammatory factors. Compared with the clinically used TA, TA@AC‐MN promotes scar biomimetic repair (i.e., optimizing the proportion of collagen and increasing the tissue tensile strength). This study demonstrates that TA@AC‐MN has the capacity to provide a self‐managing and minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for PS. 

ADSCC‐CM‐Induced Keratin Hydrogel‐Based Bioactive Microneedle Patch Containing Triamcinolone Acetonide for the Treatment of Pathological Scar

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering holds great potential for regenerative medicine as a means of replacing damaged or lost tissues to restore their structure and function. However, the efficacy... 

Exogenous MSCs based tissue regeneration: a review of immuno-protection strategies from biomaterial scaffolds



"Hyaluronic acid (HA), a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a significant component
of the epidermal extracellular matrix (ECM). It plays multiple roles in the inflammatory response,
cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration.
Due to its inherent characteristics, including non-immunoreactivity, exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability,
native biofunctionality, hydrophilicity, and non-immunoreactivity, HA has found applications
in the production of wound dressings. HA's synergistic role in enhancing deeper penetration
into chronic wounds and its biofunctional properties in the healing process have been harnessed.
HA-based wound dressings, often incorporating biomolecules or drugs to improve the dressing's biochemical
performance during wound healing, have been developed. In this review, we explore the
current state of knowledge regarding hydrogels based on HA, focusing on their biofunctional properties
and delivery mechanisms. We present the latest developments in the research and development
of HA-based hydrogels for the treatment of skin wounds."


A Critical Sojourn of Hyaluronic Acid-based Hydrogels in the Wound Healing Process: Current Advances and Future Prospects

Human-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) are adult stem cells and are relatively easy to access compared to other sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They have shown immunomodulation properties as well as effects in improving tissue regeneration. To better stimulate and preserve the therapeutic properties of hADMSCs, biomaterials for cell delivery have been studied extensively. To date, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based materials have been most widely adopted by researchers around the world. PGmatrix is a new peptide-based hydrogel that has shown superior functional properties in 3D cell cultures. Here, we reported the in vitro and in vivo functional effects of PGmatrix on hADMSCs in comparison with HA and HA-based Hystem hydrogels. Our results showed that PGmatrix was far superior in maintaining hADMSC viability during prolonged incubation and stimulated expression of SSEA4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4) in hADMSCs. hADMSCs encapsulated in PGmatrix secreted more immune-responsive proteins than those in HA or Hystem, though similar VEGF-A and TGFβ1 release levels were observed in all three hydrogels. In vivo studies revealed that hADMSCs encapsulated with PGmatrix showed improved skin wound healing in diabetic-induced mice at an early stage, suggesting possible anti-inflammatory effects, though similar re-epithelialization and collagen density were observed among PGmatrix and HA or Hystem hydrogels by day 21.

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Injectable Peptide Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Viability, Stemness, Anti-Inflammatory Effects, and Early Stage Wound Healing

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Injectable Peptide Hydrogel Encapsulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Viability, Stemness, Anti-Inflammatory Effects, and Early Stage Wound Healing