Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism.

1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity

Positive ions that are available in soils absorb on grain surfaces. The total sum of cations that can be absorbed bij a soil/sediment at a certain PH is defined by the cation-exchange capacity (CEC, in meq g-1: mol equivalents per gram). The uptake of cations is an important parameter in agriculture and the larger the CEC, the more cations can be absorbed to the soil. The CEC depends highly on the pH of soil and sediments, where the CEC decreases with decreasing PH (increasing acidity). The exchange of ions on sediments occurs commonly fast on geological time scales, but the kinetics of adsorption in natural environments is still poorly understood. The strength of the bonding between the cations and the sediments varies from weak Van der Waals bondings (physical adsorption) to strong chemical bonds. The CEC is widely used for agricultural assessment because it is a measure of general soil fertility as well as an indicator of structural stability because CED is capabel of enhancing development of shrinkage cracks. The list below shows the CEC for different types of minerals. The data indicate that the CEC can vary over 2 orders of magnitude for various types of , minerals and can vary one order of magnitude within one soil type. Cation exchange capacity for different types of sediment (Eisma, 1992; Locher and de Bakker, 1990):

Cation exchange capacity.

Differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. In
Aspergillus nidulans
, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. We identified
the heterotrimeric
velvet
complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental
regulation and control of secondary metabolism. VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark,
physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development. VeA bridges VelB to the
nuclear master regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. Deletion of either
velB
or
veA
results in
defects in both sexual fruiting-body formation and the production of secondary metabolites.

VelB/VeA/LaeA Complex CoordinatesLight Signal with Fungal Developmentand Secondary Metabolism

Climate change is a major threat to most of the agricultural crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas globally. Drought stress is one of the consequences of climate change that has a negative impact on crop growth and yield. In the past, many simulation models were proposed to predict climate change and drought occurrences, and it is extremely important to improve essential crops to meet the challenges of drought stress which limits crop productivity and production. Wheat and barley are among the most common and widely used crops due to their economic and social values. Many parts of the world depend on these two crops for food and feed, and both crops are vulnerable to drought stress. Improving drought stress tolerance is a very challenging task for wheat and barley researchers and more research is needed to better understand this stress. The progress made in understanding drought tolerance is due to advances in three main research areas: physiology, breeding, and genetic research. The physiology research focused on the physiological and biochemical metabolic pathways that plants use when exposed to drought stress. New wheat and barley genotypes having a high degree of drought tolerance are produced through breeding by making crosses from promising drought-tolerant genotypes and selecting among their progeny. Also, identifying genes contributing to drought tolerance is very important. Previous studies showed that drought tolerance is a polygenic trait and genetic constitution will help to dissect the gene network(s) controlling drought tolerance. This review explores the recent advances in these three research areas to improve drought tolerance in wheat and barley.

/pdf/drought-stress-tolerance-in-wheat-and-barley-advances-in-4mgg14wy6v.pdf

Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat and Barley: Advances in Physiology, Breeding and Genetics Research.

CRISPR-Cas9; an efficient tool for precise plant genome editing.

Coexistence Desert Plants Respond to Soil Phosphorus Availability by Altering the Allocation Patterns of Foliar Phosphorus Fractions and Acquiring Different forms of Soil Phosphorus

Genetic diversity of the families Aeshnidae, Gomphidae and Libellulidae through COI gene from South China

Forests play a vital role in supporting life on earth. Diversification in industrialization, urbanization and overpopulation make it challenging to eliminate the impurities from the environment and to conserve our flora and fauna for basic ecological services. To enhance forest cover and growth of a plant, vegetative propagation plays a vital role. Cuttings are important plant parts that affect the growth of the plant in asexual propagation. This study aimed to observe growth response and biomass production of Tamarix aphylla with and without Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments at different cutting lengths. By analyzing the effect of IAA, different morphological factors were observed such as root, shoot and leaves fresh and dry weight, whole plant biomass, root and shoot length, root to shoot ratio and moisture content availability. Results showed that by increasing the cutting lengths, the growth of cuttings increased by applying IAA treatment. Overall, IAA produced a positive effect on T. aphylla cuttings growth as compared to IAA non-treated. According to the findings, indole acetic is a worthwhile option to get a good quality of seedling production. For that reason, understanding of this mechanism can help to make future decisions for plant growth and biomass production.

Role of indole acetic acid on growth and biomass production of athel tree (tamarix aphylla) by using different cutting lengths

Bionomics and management of aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on canola (Brassica napus) using Chrysoperla carnea

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