Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have attracted intensive attention with the increased electromagnetic pollution, which are required to possess high transparency and flexibility for applications in visualization windows, aerospace equipment, and wearable devices. However, it remains a challenge to achieve high-performance EMI shielding while maintaining excellent light transmittance. Herein, a sandwich composite is constructed by coating the core material of transparent wood (TW) with silver nanowire (AgNW)@MXene, exhibiting a maximum transmittance of 28.8% in the visible range and a longitudinal tensile strength of 47.8 MPa. The average EMI shielding effectiveness can reach up to 44.0 dB under X-band (8-12.4 GHz), ascribed to the increased absorption shielding induced by the multireflection of electromagnetic waves within microchannels of the TW layer and the interfacial polarization between AgNW and MXene. Simultaneously, large-scale EMI shielding films can be conveniently produced by our proposed method, which provides inspiration for the development of advanced EMI shielding materials for wide applications.

Transparent and Flexible Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials by Constructing Sandwich AgNW@MXene/Wood Composites.

Nanocomposite conductive fiber has been newly developed as a lightweight material with high flexibility and strong weavability, which can meet the requirements of flexible wearable devices. Herein, lightweight porous aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel fibers coated with polypyrrole (PPy) layers are prepared by a wet spinning method for motion detection and information transmission. The ANF/CNT/PPy aerogel fiber with low density (56.3 mg/cm3), conductivity (6.43 S/m), and tensile strength (2.88 MPa) were used as motion sensors with high sensitivity (0.12) and long life (1000 cycles). At the same time, the differential conductivity of aerogel fibers is utilized to reduce the information transmission time (up to 46%). High- and low-temperature-resistant (-196 to 100 °C) aerogel fibers are also available as a quick heater and ionic solution detector. In summary, the prepared ANF/CNT/PPy aerogel fiber can be used as a multifunctional sensor for human-health detection and motion monitoring.

In Situ Loading of Polypyrrole onto Aramid Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Fibers as Physiology and Motion Sensors.

Transparent wood-based functional materials via a top-down approach

Researches on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications. Herein, in this study, novel cellulosic fibers were extracted from the stem of manau rattan (Calamus manan) by mechanical separation. The chemical, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of manau rattan fibers were comprehensively analyzed and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single fiber tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Component analysis results showed that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of C. manan fibers were 42wt%, 20wt%, and 27wt%, respectively. The surface of the rattan fiber was hydrophilic according to the oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.49. The C. manan has a crystalline index of 48.28%, inducing a maximum degradation temperature of 332.8 °C. This reveals that it can be used as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites whose operating temperature is below 300 °C. The average tensile strength can reach (273.28 ± 52.88) MPa, which is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of rattan fiber reinforced composites. The SEM images displayed the rough surface of the fiber, which helped to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrices in composites. These results indicate the great potential of C. manan fibers as the reinforcement in polymer-based composites. 

Characterization of natural fiber from manau rattan (Calamus manan) as a potential reinforcement for polymer-based composites

Due to the increasingly severe electromagnetic pollution, the green, lightweight, and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials need to be urgently developed. However, there are still challenges in constructing biomass-based high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials through uncomplicated methods. Herein, a flexible MXene/wood composite (F-MWC) with sandwich structure was constructed for EMI shielding application based on MXene and delignified wood via impregnation and densification process. The resultant F-MWC shows the mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 68.1 MPa, and excellent flexibility compared with natural wood due to the thinner thickness and highly aligned cellulose nanofibers. It also shows remarkable fire-retardant properties with a self-extinguishing effect attributed to the synergistic effect of MXene's flame retardancy and densification treatment. Moreover, F-MWC possessed a high electrical conductivity of 1858 S m-1 and excellent EMI-shielding effectiveness of 32.7 dB at a thickness of only 0.38 mm. In addition, the multilayered MXene/wood composite assembled by cross-combining F-MWC along the fiber direction with better EMI-shielding effectiveness and strength makes it more scalable in applications. This technique provides an alternate strategy for producing wood-based EMI shielding materials for electronic devices, packaging, and modern buildings.

Flexible, mechanically robust and self-extinguishing MXene/wood composite for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding

Thermal insulating, light-weight and conductive cellulose/aramid nanofibers composite aerogel for pressure sensing.

Fluorescent cellulose-based hydrogel with carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon quantum dots for information storage and fluorescent anti-counterfeiting

High mechanical properties and excellent anisotropy of dually synergistic network wood fiber gel for human–computer interactive sensors

With the widespread use of electronic communication devices, ultra-thin, flexible, and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are widely used to prevent radiation pollution. Moreover, graphene-reinforced polymer-based nanocomposites have received increasing attention in the field of EMI shielding because of their excellent electrical properties. In this work, ultrathin and flexible nickel/reduced graphene oxide/cellulose nanofiber (Ni/RGO/CNFs) composite paper was fabricated using a step-by-step vacuum-assisted filtration method. The prepared composite paper with Ni/RGO to CNF ratio of 3:1 and a thickness of 105 µm attained the electrical conductivity of 1664 S/m and 22.6 dB of excellent electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE). In addition, the composite paper (2:1) exhibited great mechanical properties, leading to a high tensile strength of 78.4 MPa, 10.3% fracture strain, and no obvious fractures or cracks when the composite paper was folded. Therefore, the Ni/RGO/CNFs composite paper prepared in this study is an effective lightweight shielding material, especially in flexible electronics and wearable devices.

https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/BioRes_15_1_814_Chen_ZMWHP_Ni_Reduced_Graphene_Oxide_CNF_Composite_EMI_Shielding_16300.pdf

Nickel-reduced Graphene Oxide-Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Papers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Lightweight and elastic wood-derived composites for pressure sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding

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