Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

/pdf/molecular-prevalence-and-clinical-importance-of-torque-teno-2fi9z1ixeg.pdf

Molecular Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Torque Teno Virus Infection in Thalassemia Patients as High Risk Individuals

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼23 nt RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in animals and plants by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression. This review outlines the current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals and discusses the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes.

MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions

Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as cell signaling molecules generated in oxidative metabolism and are associated with a number of human diseases. The reprogramming of redox metabolism induces abnormal accumulation of ROS in cancer cells. It has been widely accepted that ROS play opposite roles in tumor growth, metastasis and apoptosis according to their different distributions, concentrations and durations in specific subcellular structures. These double-edged roles in cancer progression include the ROS-dependent malignant transformation and the oxidative stress-induced cell death. In this review, we summarize the notable literatures on ROS generation and scavenging, and discuss the related signal transduction networks and corresponding anticancer therapies. There is no doubt that an improved understanding of the sophisticated mechanism of redox biology is imperative to conquer cancer.

The double-edged roles of ROS in cancer prevention and therapy.

Recent studies have exhibited significant roles of lncRNAs in various tumors' development, including colon cancer. Our study focused on the biological roles of lncRNA MALAT1 in colon cancer. In our study, it was demonstrated that MALAT1 was upregulated in human colon cancer cell lines including Lovo, HCT116, SW480 and HT29 cells compared to the normal human intestinal epithelial HIEC cells. Moreover, we observed that miR-129-5p was downregulated in colon cancer cells with a significant increase of HMGB1 expression. Inhibition of MALAT1 can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer SW480 and HCT116 cells and next, bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target microRNA of MALAT1. miR-129-5p was identified and confirmed as a direct regulator of MALAT1 and it was shown that miR-129-5p mimics were able to restrain the progression of colon cancer cells. In addition, high motility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), was predicted as a mRNA target of miR-129-5p. Furthermore, we found that MALAT1 exerted its biological functions through regulating HMGB1 by sponging miR-129-5p in vitro. Silencing MALAT1 greatly inhibited HMGB1 expression which can be reversed by miR-129-5p inhibitors. It was indicated in our investigation that MALAT1 may serve as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to mediate HMGB1 by sponging miR-129-5p in colon cancer. Taken together, our results indicated that MALAT1/miR-129-5p/HMGB1 axis could be provided as an important prognostic biomarker in colon cancer development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

LncRNA MALAT1 induces colon cancer development by regulating miR-129-5p/HMGB1 axis

Invasion and metastasis are the major causes of tumor-related mortality in lung cancer. It is believed that curcumin is an effective drug possessing anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities in the treatment of cancer. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the PKCα/Nox-2/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway is involved in the invasive behavior of lung cancer and whether curcumin could inhibit invasion by modulating this pathway. The cytotoxic effect of curcumin was evaluated by MTT assay and the capacity of invasion was assessed by Transwell assay. siRNA and plasmid transfection techniques were used to study the function of targeted genes. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the expression levels of PKCα, Nox-2, MMP-9 and the phosphorylation of ATF-2. The results showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of MMP-9 enhanced the invasion of A549 cells. However, inhibition of MMP-9 by siRNA or curcumin suppressed cell invasion. Moreover, we also demonstrated the catalytic role of PKCα in expression of MMP-9 and cellular invasion in A549 cells, which was dependent on the expression of Nox-2 and phosphorylation of ATF-2. Finally, we also showed that curcumin dose-dependently reduced the expression of PKCα, P47phox, Nox-2 and phosphorylated ATF-2, as well as intracellular ROS generation, suggesting the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the activation of the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2 pathway. In conclusion, the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway is activated in lung cancer A549 cells, which could be modulated by curcumin to inhibit cell invasiveness.

/pdf/curcumin-inhibits-the-invasion-of-lung-cancer-cells-by-2qa8gp2pcy.pdf

Curcumin inhibits the invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

// Wanjun Li 1, * , Dan Zhang 2, * , Fen Du 3, * , Xuemei Xing 4 , Ying Wu 5 , Dong Xiao 6 , Ming Liang 6 , Zhigang Fan 2 , Peng Zhao 7 , Tao Liu 8 and Guoyin Li 1, 9 1 Department of Pathology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2 Department of Oncology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 3 Department of Nursing, Hanzhong Vocational Technical College, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 5 Department of Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 6 Department of General surgery, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 7 Department of Hematology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 8 Department of Ophthalmology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 9 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China * These authors are co-first authors Correspondence to: Tao Liu, email: taoliustone@163.com Guoyin Li, email: guoyin0604@163.com Keywords: breast cancer; ABCB 1 C3435T and ABCG 2 C421A; single nucleotide polymorphism; mutation rate; progression-free survival Received: August 09, 2017     Accepted: September 22, 2017     Published: October 31, 2017 ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the distribution of ABCB1 C3435T and ABCG2 C421A gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han population and their influences on the susceptibility and prognosis of breast carcinoma. Methods: A total of 200 female subjects were enrolled in this study, comprising 100 breast cancer patients and 100 healthy controls. Carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from the breast cancer patients, while peripheral blood was collected from healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by the Taqman method. Progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year survival rate of the patients were calculated. Results: ABCB 1 C3435T and ABCG 2 C421A polymorphisms were not associated with disease susceptibility and 5-year survival rate in the study population ( p >0.05). However, a high mutation rate of both ABCB 1 C3435T and ABCG 2 C421A (16% and 17%, respectively) was observed in breast cancer tissues. Patients with ABCB 1 3435TT genotype or ABCG 2 421CC genotype had longer PFS ( p <0.05). Conclusion: ABCB 1 3435TT and ABCG 2 421CC were significantly associated with longer PFS in Chinese breast cancer patients.

ABCB1 3435TT and ABCG2 421CC genotypes were significantly associated with longer progression-free survival in Chinese breast cancer patients.

// Mingxing Wang 1, * , Wanjun Li 2, * , Xuemei Xing 3, * , Dan Zhang 4 , Jie Lei 1 and Guoyin Li 2, 5 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2 Department of Pathology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’anJiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’anJiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 4 Department of Oncology, Hanzhong 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Xi’anJiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China * These authors are co-first authors Correspondence to: Jie Lei, email: leijiemd@163.com Guoyin Li, email: guoyin0604@163.com Keywords: NSCLC, BRCA1 and STMN, chemotherapy, prognosis Received: April 03, 2017      Accepted: August 08, 2017      Published: September 08, 2017 ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive effect of BRCA1 , STMN1 , MAPT and TUBB3 on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Seventy NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy from June 2009 to July 2011 were enrolled. The protein and mRNA levels of BRCA1 , STMN1 , MAPT and TUBB3 were determined. Survival time of the patients with NSCLC was also calculated. Results: High expression of BRCA1 or low expression of STMN1 was associated with a better prognosis in NSCLC patients ( p 0.05). Furthermore, patients with high expression of BRCA1 and low expression of STMN1 have lived longer ( p <0.01). Conclusion: BRCA1 and STMN1 were independently predictors for prognosis of NSCLCs which received cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

/pdf/brca1-and-stmn1-as-prognostic-markers-in-nsclcs-who-received-1me60msrwj.pdf

BRCA1 and STMN1 as prognostic markers in NSCLCs who received cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Breast cancer is the most common type of malignant tumor in females, and metastasis is the most common cause of breast cancer-associated mortality. Previous studies have identified that abnormal expression of microRNAs is commonly observed in human cancer and may be crucial for cancer metastasis. In the present study, microRNA-452 (miR-452) was investigated for its ability to act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. miR-452 expression was quantified in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to investigate the effect of miR-452 on the migration and invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. Potential target genes of miR-452 were identified with miRanda and TargetScan. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate RAB11A as a putative target of miR-452, and was corroborated by RT-qPCR and western blot analyses. Finally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown RAB11A expression and confirm whether miR-452 inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion via the negative regulation of RAB11A. The results revealed that miR-452 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and that its downregulation may be associated with breast cancer metastasis, as miR-452 expression inhibited the migration and invasion capacities of breast cancer cells. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that miR-452 negatively regulated the expression of RAB11A mRNA and protein. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-452 specifically bound to the 3'-untranslated region of RAB11A. Furthermore, inhibition of RAB11A with siRNA inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that miR-452 may act as a tumor suppressor gene via inhibition of cell migration and invasion by targeting RAB11A in breast cancer.

/pdf/tumor-suppressive-microrna-452-inhibits-migration-and-3rhdh12q06.pdf

Tumor-suppressive microRNA-452 inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by directly targeting RAB11A.

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Curcumin inhibits the invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.

ABCB1 3435TT and ABCG2 421CC genotypes were significantly associated with longer progression-free survival in Chinese breast cancer patients.

BRCA1 and STMN1 as prognostic markers in NSCLCs who received cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Tumor-suppressive microRNA-452 inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by directly targeting RAB11A.