Prion protein (PrPc) has been previously reported to be involved in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. However, the association between expression of PrPc and GC prognosis is yet poorly characterized. In the present study, the expressions of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP, a protein interacting with PrPc, were detected using the tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical method to compare clinicopathological parameters of 238 GC patients. We found that the expressions of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP were upregulated in GC lesions compared with their expressions in adjacent noncancerous tissues (p<0.01). High expression of PrPc was detected in 37.39% (89/238) of GC patients and positively correlated with the expression of MGr1-Ag/37LRP (r=0.532, p<0.001). PrPc expression was associated with a number of clinicopathological parameters including depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis of the tumor (p<0.001). High expression of PrPc brought a poorer prognosis than low PrPc expression. Moreover, GC patients with high level of PrPc and high level of MGr1-Ag/37LRP had the poorest prognosis. Multivariate survival analysis suggested that, along with other parameters, combined expression of PrPc and MGr1-Ag/37LRP was independent prognostic factors for GC patients. These data indicates that overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1-Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in GC and thereby could be used to guide the clinical decision.

Overexpression of PrPc, combined with MGr1-Ag/37LRP, is predictive of poor prognosis in gastric cancer

In this study, we report the synthesis, anticancer and biological properties of three doubly cyclometalated phenylbenzimidazole derived ruthenium(II) organometallics (1–3) and their corresponding three organic ligands. The structures of 1–3 were fully characterized by various analytical techniques, and the meso stereoisomer of the doubly cyclometalated ruthenacycle 3 was unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The anticancer effects of the newly synthesized compounds were tested against selected human cancer cell lines AGS (gastric carcinoma), SK-hep-1 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and HCT-15 (colorectal carcinoma). The growth inhibitory effects of ruthenacycles 1–3 on cancer cells were found to be considerably more effective against the abovementioned cancer cells than the reference drug oxaliplatin. Compound 2 exhibited a more specific effect on the AGS cells. Gene-fishing and ELISA array were performed to analyze the target genes and cytokine secretion by 2. As a result, a significant reduction was observed in RPS21 by 2. Moreover, 2 increased the secretion of cytokines such as IFNγ in macrophages and reduced the release of cytokines such as rantes and IGF-1. These results show that 2 could be a very good anticancer drug through the regulation of the RPS21 gene and cytokines.

Antitumor and biological investigation of doubly cyclometalated ruthenium(II) organometallics derived from benzimidazolyl derivatives

Although polymorphisms of PRNP, the gene encoding prion protein, are known as a determinant affecting prion disease susceptibility, other genes also influence prion incubation time. This finding offers the opportunity to identify other genetic or environmental factor (s) modulating susceptibility to prion disease. Ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), also called 37 kDa laminin receptor precursor (LRP)/67 kDa laminin receptor (LR), acts as a receptor for laminin, viruses and prion proteins. The binding/internalization of prion protein is dependent for LRP/LR. To identify other susceptibility genes involved in prion disease, we performed genetic analysis of RPSA. For this case-control study, we included 180 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients and 189 healthy Koreans. We investigated genotype and allele frequencies of polymorphism on RPSA by direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. We observed four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including -8T>C (rs1803893) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of exon 2, 134-32C>T (rs3772138) in the intron, 519G>A (rs2269350) in the intron and 793+58C>T (rs2723) in the intron on the RPSA. The 519G>A (at codon 173) is located in the direct PrP binding site. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the RPSA polymorphisms showed no significant differences between the controls and sporadic CJD patients. These results suggest that these RPSA polymorphisms have no direct influence on the susceptibility to sporadic CJD. This was the first genetic association study of the polymorphisms of RPSA gene with sporadic CJD.

/pdf/the-first-report-of-rpsa-polymorphisms-also-called-37-67-kda-11ibe7bxok.pdf

The first report of RPSA polymorphisms, also called 37/67 kDa LRP/LR gene, in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

The gayal (Bos frontalis) is a rare semi-wild bovid species in which bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has not been reported. Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) have been correlated significantly with resistance to BSE. In this study, the coding region of PRNP was cloned and characterized in samples from 125 gayal. A total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including six silent mutations (C60T, G75A, A108T, G126A, C357T and C678T) and four mis-sense mutations (C8A, G145A, G461A and C756G), corresponding to amino acids T3K, G49S9, N154S and I252M were identified, revealing high genetic diversity. Three novel SNPs including C60T, G145A and C756G, which have not been reported previously in bovid species, were retrieved. There also was one insertion–deletion (187Del24) at the N-terminal octapeptide repeat region. Alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed a high degree of similarity with other bovid species. Using phylogenetic analyses it was revealed that gayal has a close genetic relationship with Zebu cattle. In short, preliminary information is provided about genotypes of the PRNP in gayal. This could assist with the study of the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and cross species transmission as well as a molecular breeding project for gayal in China.

Genetic variability of the coding region for the prion protein gene ( PRNP ) in gayal ( Bos frontalis )

The ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), previously named 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor/67-kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in a number of pathological processes, such as cancer and prion diseases. In all investigated species, RPSA is a member of a multicopy gene family consisting of one full length functional gene and several pseudogenes. Therefore, for studies on RPSA related pathways/pathologies, it is important to characterize the whole family and to address the possible function of the other RPSA family members. The present work aims at deciphering the RPSA family in sheep. In addition to the full length functional ovine RPSA gene, 11 other members of this multicopy gene family, all processed pseudogenes, were identified. Comparison between the RPSA transcript and these pseudogenes shows a large variety in sequence identities ranging from 99% to 74%. Only one of the 11 pseudogenes, i.e. RPSAP7, shares the same open reading frame (ORF) of 295 amino acids with the RPSA gene, differing in only one amino acid. All members of the RPSA family were annotated by comparative mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) localization. Transcription was investigated in the cerebrum, cerebellum, spleen, muscle, lymph node, duodenum and blood, and transcripts were detected for 6 of the 11 pseudogenes in some of these tissues. In the present work we have characterized the ovine RPSA family. Our results have revealed the existence of 11 ovine RPSA pseudogenes and provide new data on their structure and sequence. Such information will facilitate molecular studies of the functional RPSA gene taking into account the existence of these pseudogenes in the design of experiments. It remains to be investigated if the transcribed members are functional as regulatory non-coding RNA or as functional proteins.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01193665/document

Characterization of the ovine ribosomal protein SA gene and its pseudogenes

The 37-kDa Laminin Receptor Precursor (LRP)/67-kDa Laminin Receptor (LR), also known as ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), had been identified as a putative cell surface receptor for prions. Herein, we isolated the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the ovine 37/67-kDa LRP/LR gene and submitted it to the GenBank under accession number EF649775. The open reading frame (ORF) of the 37/67-kDa LRP/LR CDS is 885 bp in length, containing six exons encoding a protein of 295 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence presented here is well coincided with the whole ovine genome of the 37/67-kDa LRP/LR previously published. Moreover, we identified four novel single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) at position 324 in exon 4, positions at 809, 875, and 881 in exon 7, respectively. Further, based on the deduced amino acid sequence alignment of the 37/67-kDa LRP/LR from human, cattle, mice, pig, chicken, and sheep, we also identified three polymorphic amino acid sites (PAAs) at residues 241, 272, and a novel site at residue 270 in the putative indirect prion protein (PrP) interaction region (180-285) on 37/67-kDa LRP/LR. Prediction of protein secondary structure further indicated that PAAs at residues 241, 270 and 272 may cause protein conformation changes as predicted, which may affect on the binding with prion protein. In addition, multiple-tissues RT-PCR results revealed that 37/67-kDa LRP/LR mRNA is expressed in all the 11 selected ovine tissues.

Cloning and characterization of full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the ovine 37/67-kDa laminin receptor (RPSA).

The 37-kDa laminin receptor precursor/67-kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR, also known as ribosomal protein SA, RPSA) has been reported to be involved in cancer development and prion internalization. Previous studies have shown that the LRP/LR is expressed in a wide variety of tissues. In particular, expression of LRP/LR mRNA may be closely related to the degree of PrPSc propagation. This study presents a detailed investigation of the LRP/LR mRNA expression levels in eleven normal ovine tissues. Using real-time quantitative PCR, the highest LRP/LR expression was found in neocortex (p < 0.05). Slightly lower levels were found in the heart and obex. Intermediate levels were seen in hippocampus, cerebellum, spleen, thalamus, mesenteric lymph node, and the lowest levels were present in liver, kidney, and lung. In general, the LRP/LR mRNA levels were much higher in neuronal tissues than in peripheral tissues. The observation that differences in LRP/LR mRNA expression levels are consistent with the corresponding var...

Variable levels of 37-kDa/67-kDa laminin receptor (RPSA) mRNA in ovine tissues: potential contribution to the regulatory processes of PrPSc propagation?

Prion diseases are a group of human and animal neurodegenerative conditions, which are caused by the deposition of an abnormal isoform prion protein (PrPSc) encoded by a single copy prion protein gene (Prnp). In sheep, genetic variations of Prnp were found to be associated with the incubation period, susceptibility, and species barrier to the scrapie disease. We investigated the sequence and polymorphisms of the prion protein gene of Mongolian gazelles (gPrnp). gPrnp gene sequence analysis of blood samples from 26 Mongolian gazelles showed high identity within species. The gPrnp gene was closely related to the Prnp genes of Thomson’s gazelle, blackbuck, and cattle with 100, 100, and 98.5% identity, respectively, whereas the gPrnp gene with a deletion was closely related to the Prnp genes of wildebeest, Western roe deer, and sheep with 99.3, 99.3, and 98.9% identity, respectively. Polymorphisms of the open reading frame of Prnp as amino acid substitutions were detected at codons 119(N --> S), 143(S --> G) or 160(Y --> H), 172(V --> A), 182(N --> S) and 221(V --> A). There was also deletion of one octapeptide repeat at the N-terminal octapeptide repeat region. The polymorphisms of gPrnp will assist the study of prion disease pathogenesis, resistance, and cross species transmission.

Sequence analysis of the prion protein gene in Mongolian gazelles ( Procapra gutturosa )

The invention provides a recombinant human prion protein (hPrP), and a preparation method and application thereof. The amino acid sequence of the recombinant hPrP is shown as SEQ ID NO.2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: obtain an hPrP DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence having enzyme cutting sites through a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method by taking a human whole blood gene as the template and using primers of which the nucleotide sequences are shown as SEQ ID NO.3 and SEQ ID NO.4; connecting the hPrP DNA sequence to a pPROEX-htb plasmid; removing unwanted enzyme cutting sites in front of a target gene in an expression carrier through a site-directed mutagenesis technology to obtain an hPrP fully true expression carrier; and performing expression, overhigh-affinity chromatographic column purification and renaturation on the carrier in Escherichia coli to obtain the recombinant hPrP. The recombinant hPrP obtained by the invention has good biological activity, and can be used for developing hPrP polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and diagnosis kits for human prion diseases.

Recombinant human prion protein (hPrP), and preparation method and application thereof

The invention provides a recombined bovine prion protein (bPrP), and a preparation method and an application thereof The amino acid sequence of the bPrP protein is shown as SEQ ID NO 2 The bPrP employs a bovine whole blood as a template, adopts nucleotide sequence shown as SEQ ID No 3 and 4 as primers via a PCR method to obtain the bovine prion protein DNA sequence having enzyme cleavage sites, connects to plasmids of pPROEX-htb, removes redundant enzyme cleavage sites ahead of target genes in expression vectors via a site-directed mutagenesis to obtain the bPrP eukaryotic expression vectors The recombined bovine prion protein with identical is obtained conformation with natural prion protein by expressing the vector in escherichia coli, purifying and renaturing through high affinity chromatographic column The amino acid sequence of the bovine prion protein is remarkably similar to that of the natural bovine prion protein (only one glycine is added in N terminal) The bovine prion protein can be used for exploring a monoclonal antibody of the bovine prion protein, and for a diagnostic kit of the bovine prion diseases

Recombined bovine prion protein (bPrP), and preparation method and application thereof

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Wang Yiqin

Author Tools

Chat about Author