Integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal are the essential data of a crystal spectrometer which is extensively used to measure quantitative x-ray spectra of high temperature plasmas in kilo-electron-volt region.An experimental method has been developed to measure the integral diffraction coe...

Measurement of integral diffraction coefficients of crystals on beamline 4B7 of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

A technique of flat crystal x-ray spectrometer for quantitative spectral measurement is described. For the flat crystal spectrograph geometry, the quantitative reduction of relating the CCD counts back to the photon flux from the x-ray source is established. The absolute calibrations of the integral diffraction coefficients of the crystal and the CCD sensitivity make it possible to measure absolute photons flux within the energy range of 2000–5000 eV. The uncertainty analysis of the calibrations is carried out to obtain the energy resolved uncertainties of crystal and CCD. Thus, the experimental spectra with spectral resolved intensity uncertainties are available. Then, a performing experiment of laser-produced Ti plasma is carried out and the absolute x-ray spectra with intensity uncertainty less than 8.5% are obtained. The technique is promising for absolute spectral measurement of high temperature plasmas in a kilo-electron-volt region.

Flat Crystal x-ray Spectrometer for Quantitative Spectral Measurement in the 2–5 keV Region

Radiation model and experimental research on novel pinhole-assisted point-projection backlight

Base on the code of steady K -shell model for collision radiative balance, we analyze the main mechanism of populating the Li-like satellite of aluminum plasma in detail. The evolutions of the Li-like satellite intensity ratios of 1s2p 2 2 P —1s 2 2p 2 P , 1s2s2p( 1 S ) 2 P —1s 2 2s 2 S and 1s2p 2 2 D —1s 2 2p 2 P with electron temperature and density are depicted from which we find that the intensity ratio is density sensitive and temperature unsensitive, which can be used to diagnose the electron density in hot dense plasma. At the same time, the evolution of the intensity ratio of He-like to He-like resonant with electron density is also given. The value of the ratio is large in the high electron density region due to the influence of the undistinguished Li-like statellite around the He-like intercombination. Finally, we simulate the spectra emitting from the hot dense aluminum plasmas generated by the "Shengguang-Ⅱ" equipment and give the electron temperature and density.

Analysis of formation mechanism of Li-like satellites in aluminum plasma and experimental application

The black-nickel film on the flat type radiometer chip was investigated, and a black-nickel film which can be applied in this chip was prepared using electroplating method. The analyses of absorption of radiometer chip indicated that the absorption rate of the chip is proportional to the surface roughness. The black-nickel film was prepared and tested, and surface morphology testing showed that this film has microstructures of the scale 50 nm-1.5 mu m. Infrared absorption measurement indicated that the absorptivity of the film in the 1.4-8 mu m range is higher than 0.989. This high absorptivity black-nickel film improves the performance of the chip.

Design and preparation of black-nickel film on the radiometer chip

K-shell absorption spectroscopy of radiatively heated Al sample is reported. The experiment was conducted on Shenguang-Ⅱ Laser facility. Eight main beams of the facitliy are injected into a conical gold cavity to produce high-temperature X-ray heating source. This X-ray source is then used to irradiate an Al foil located in the center of the cavity, and heat the foil to temperature of tens of electronvolt. After a time delay, a ninth short-pulsed laser beam is focused on a gold disk to generated an X-ray point-backlighter. By measuring the spectra both directly from backlighter and attenuated by the heated sample in the wavelength range of 075—085nm, the K-shell absorption spectrum of Al is obtained. By fitting the experimental spectrum with theoretical calculation, electron temperature of the heated sample is determined.

Absorption experiments on radiatively heated Al plasma

By using the space-resolved spectrograph, the K-shell emission from laser-produced plasma was investigated. Electron density profiles along the normal direction of the target surface in aluminum laser-plasmas were obtained by two different diagnostic methods and compared with the profiles from the theoretical simulation of hydrodynamics code MULTI1D. The results corroborate the feasibility to obtain the electron density above the critical surface by the diagnostic method based on the Stark-broadened wings in the intermediately coupled plasmas.

Spaced-resolved electron density of aluminum plasma produced by frequency-tripled laser

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Absorption experiments on radiatively heated Al plasma

Spaced-resolved electron density of aluminum plasma produced by frequency-tripled laser