The space charge distributions of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) with Borouge's Borlink™ semiconductive screen type LE0550 and LE0595 from a pulsed electro-acoustic method are obtained. The contact interface morphology at the semiconductive screen and the structure of XLPE near the interface are characterized. The dielectric spectrum and the conductivity current of XLPE with the different semiconductive electrodes are compared. The semiconductive screen changes the structure and the dielectric characteristic of XLPE near the contact interface, which may be the main reason for space charge suppression in XLPE with Borouge's type LE0550 semiconductive screen.

The Effect of the Semiconductive Screen on Space Charge Suppression in Cross-Linked Polyethylene

A modified method is proposed to directly determine the trap energy distribution in dielectrics after high electric field charge injection based on thermally stimulated current (TSC) measurement. Firstly, through a series of equation derivation, it is found that obtaining trap energy distribution from measured TSC data becomes solving a nonnegative least squares problem. Then, an iteration algorithm is introduced to solve the problem in detail. Finally, the modified method is applied to analyze TSC experiment results of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, which are compared with other researchers' work. The experiment results show that there is a wide apparent peak in TSC curves, extending from ∼325 K to ∼400 K. After analyzing with the method, the peak is composed of two components formed by released charges previously trapped in the traps of two major depths of ∼1.09 eV and ∼1.18 eV in the range of 0.5–1.3 eV. Altogether, these results generally agree with other researchers' analysis of PET, which acquired by various measurements and methods. Moreover, in order to check the reliability of the algorithm, R-square values are calculated. The values are close to 1 which manifests that the numerical solutions are almost coincide with experiment data and the method is proved to be trustworthy, realistic and stable.

A modified thermally stimulated current analysis method for direct determination of trap energy distribution

Low-temperature synthesis of pure BiFeO3 phase and variation in its morphology with temperature

A significant progress has been achieved in China on space charge characteristics in solid dielectrics. The measurement methods for space charge and the space charge behavior in solid dielectrics are reviewed. The determination of trap distribution, the dynamics evolution of space charge and the mechanism of electric aging and breakdown are included.

Research of space charge in solid dielectrics in China

In the present article, measurement methods for the space charge distribution in solid dielectrics are reviewed. These methods include the laser intensity modulation method (LIMM), pressure wave propagation method (PWP), Piezo-PWP method, and pulse electro-acoustic method (PEA). This review is followed by the description of the studies of ageing and breakdown in polymers that has taken place in China. With the increase in the development and installation of high-voltage power cables, it is suggested that insulation performance is strongly dependent on the space charge distribution that is, in turn, responsible for the ageing and breakdown in polymers. Space charge formation is, therefore, an important consideration in the development of high-voltage power cables.

In this paper, development of a novel optical diameter gauge is described. In order to eliminate the influence of wire vibration in the high moving speed, The semiconductor laser diode with 1.2 /spl mu/s exposure time aperture were used to be the illuminating light sources, CCD-line sensors with 5000 elements and 7 /spl mu/m/spl times/7 /spl mu/m element area were applied to gauge the diameter of the object. Data acquisition unit was consists of high speed A/D converter, single chip processor, DMA and SRAM to process the signal data digitally in order to gain the high accuracy. The instrument obtained 0.7 /spl mu/m on line dynamic accuracy finally.

High speed on line measurement of digital wire outer diameter with laser and CCD technology

Molecular dynamics simulations of polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composites are implemented to calculate the structures, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, thereby investigating their relationships with the nanoparticle dimension and simulation temperature. The results show that polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composites are of isotropic amorphous structure, and the dispersion of nanoparticles in composite can be enhanced at a relatively higher temperature. Multi-layers of atoms on nanoparticle surface change into amorphous configurations, and electrical polarization interface layers are formed between silver nanoparticles and polyethylene matrix. The interface region shrinks and expends respectively with nanoparticle dimension and temperature increasing. Compared with polyethylene system, the polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composite presents explicitly high polarizability which increases with temperature and nanoparticle size rising simultaneously. The silver nanopaticle dimension directly influences the intensity and frequency of interfacial dipole moment, resulting in corresponding variations of peak position and intensity in infrared spectrum. The polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composite also shows higher isometric heat capacity and negative thermal pressure coefficient with better temperature stability, which decreases explicitly with temperature and nanoparticle size increasing respectively, than polyethylene system. The mechanical property of polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composite shows isotropic elastic constant tensor with considerably higher Young modulus and Poisson ratio than the polyethylene system, both of which decrease with temperature and nanoparticle dimension increasing, which indicates the improvement on mechanical property with Ag nanoparticle filler.

Molecular dynamics simulation of polyethylene/silver-nanoparticle composites

以硝酸铁和硝酸铋为反应物, 柠檬酸为络合剂, 硝酸为催化剂, 采用柠檬酸溶胶–凝胶法制备粒径分布均匀的多铁性材料BiFeO 3 纳米粉体, 通过TG-DSC、XRD、FT-IR、SEM及AFM等手段对样品的结构、形貌及纯净度进行表征. 研究结果表明, 在溶胶过程中前驱液的pH值以及干凝胶的煅烧温度等合成条件对BiFeO 3 纳米粉体的制备和纯净程度都有一定的影响, 最佳的合成条件是前驱溶液的pH=7~8, 干凝胶的煅烧温度为600℃. 在该条件下得到的BiFeO 3 纳米粉体中无杂相Bi 25 FeO 40 和Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 等, 纳米颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右, 分散性良好, 饱和磁化强度 M s =1.08 A·m 2 /kg, 剩余磁化强度 M r =0.13 A·m 2 /kg, 矫顽力 H c =15.76 kA/m.

多铁材料BiFeO 3 的制备与表征

We have measured simultaneously thermally stimulated current (TSC) and thermoluminescence (TL) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. There are one broad peak in the temperature range of 150-250 K on both TL and TSC curves, the peak temperature (T/sub m/) on TL curve is about 194 K and the T/sub m/ on TSC one is about 208 K. In the temperature range of 255-320 K, TSC curve gives another broad peak. We analyze the curves by using our auto-resolving method and obtain a set of peaks. In the temperature range of 150-250 K, the activation energies of TL and TSC processes vary from 0.25 eV to 0.46 eV and 0.24 eV to 0.44 eV, respectively. For the other peak of TSC, the responding activation energies change from 0.45 eV to 0.53 eV. The initial carrier concentration in the traps both obey approximate Gauss distribution for the lower temperature peaks on TL and TSC curves, the peaks are ascribed to the motion of -COO group.

Simultaneous thermally stimulated current and thermoluminescence studies on polyethylene terephthalate film

By auto-separating the thermally stimulated process curve ranging from 300K to 400K in PET film sample, two sharp peaks are obtained. Comparing them with two peaks received by thermo-resolving method, it can be seen clearly that the data responsible for two peaks, including peak current and temperature, frequency factor, activation energy and dynamic order, is almost the same. Once again showing auto-separating method is right and reasonable. It is a very convenient method to estimate trap and dipolar polarization parameters from complex thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectrum of polymers.

Auto-separating peaks method of TSC-curves in pet film

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