Excess intake of fluoride for a prolonged period results in its accumulation predominantly in hard tissues, teeth and bones and causes diverse adverse effects that appear in the form of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Prolonged ingestion of fluoride also affects other organs and alters their architecture and physiology. Dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis have been described in different species of domestic animals due to excess concentration of fluoride in their drinking water, but maximum permissible or safe limit of fluoride in drinking water for these animals has not been well studied. Effects of different levels of fluoride exposures have been studied experimentally in laboratory animals, including rabbit, rat and mice. It has been found to affect digestive tract, liver, kidneys, brain, and endocrine organs, besides intrauterine development of foetus. But the exact mechanism involved in fluoride toxicity in these organs or tissues remain unanswered. Amelioration of fluorotoxicosis has been well observed in soft tissues in experimental study by using certain ameliorative agents such as ascorbic acid, vitamin A and D, calcium, boron, magnesium, and selenium compounds. Some herbal amelioration has also been investigated recently in sheep, goats and camels. This review provides comprehensive information on status of fluorosis in domestic and laboratory animals.

Status of Fluorosis in Animals

Excessive fluoride exposure is known to contribute to reproductive system dysfunction, ultimately leading to pathological damage and apoptosis in cells. Although both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been implicated in fluorosis, the signaling pathways and their roles in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells have been sparsely described. In this study, oxidative damage, ER stress, and apoptosis were analyzed after Sertoli cells were treated with varying doses of NaF for 24hr. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP knockdown were used to clarify the precise interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS), ER stress and their roles in NaF-induced apoptosis in Sertoli cells. The present study indicated that NaF significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in Sertoli cells. In addition, NaF exposure facilitated the accumulation of ROS and increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in Sertoli cells. Treatment with NAC caused remarkable recovery from these NaF-induced responses. Meanwhile, excessive NaF triggered ER stress as evidenced by up-regulated glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP), without affecting total eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). NAC effectively blocked the activation of ER stress, suggesting that NaF-induced ROS is an early event that triggers ER stress. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the ROS-mediated ER stress pathway is the crucial mechanistic event involved in NaF-induced apoptosis of Sertoli cells.

Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in Sertoli cells.

Gene-environment interaction: Does fluoride influence the reproductive hormones in male farmers modified by ERα gene polymorphisms?

Background: Assessment of male fertility needs evaluation of sperm quality parameters, namely sperm count, viability, motility and morphology. Aims: The present study aimed to analyse and correlate oxidative stress with sperm quality parameters. Settings and Design: The male Wistar albino rats, weighing between 100 and 150 g, were employed in the present study under the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals guidelines with ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee. These rats were categorised into four groups with six rats in each as control and test animals. Materials and Methods: Young male Wistar albino rats, weighing between 100 and 150 g, were divided into four groups of six rats each. The first group of rats served as control (n = 6) and was maintained under normal laboratory condition and was provided with clean drinking water, whereas rats in the second (n = 6), third (n = 6) and fourth (n = 6) groups were orally intubated with sodium fluoride of 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm, respectively, for 40 days. Statistical Analysis Used: After the treatment period of 40 days, animals were sacrificed and alterations in sperm quality parameters were analysed by complete randomised design SAS 9.4 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM 17 and judged significant if P < 0.05. Results: In the experiment, a negative correlation emerged between sperm motility, viability, count versus malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, whereas the level of MDA has a positive correlation with sperm abnormalities. Sperm motility, viability and count were positively correlated with activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, whereas decreased activities of antioxidants were related to increased sperm morphological abnormalities. Conclusion: These results suggest that MDA causes a decline in sperm motility, count and viability and an increase in morphological abnormalities via oxidative damage of membrane lipids.

Sperm Quality Parameters and Oxidative Stress: Exploring Correlation in Fluoride-Intoxicated Rats

The adverse influence of fluorides on male reproductive system has become a major concern in many countries. The present study was focussed to determine the effect of daily oral administration of sodium fluoride for 28 days on seminal characteristics of male Wistar rats at three dose levels. Intoxication of sodium fluoride to Wistar rats of group II (5 mg/kg body weight, orally), group III (25 mg/kg body weight, orally) and group IV (50 mg/kg body weight, orally) caused dose dependent decrease (p ≤ 0.01) in epididymal sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration and live spermatozoa along with simultaneous increase in dead spermatozoa as compared to the rats of group I (control). There was a dose dependent increase (p ≤ 0.01) in percent morphological abnormalities (head, tail and multiple) of spermatozoa in group III and group IV as compared to rats of control group and group II. Overall, the maximum mean values for various sperm abnormalities were recorded in group IV rats. Hence, sodium fluoride exerts significant cytotoxicity to spermatozoa at higher doses adversely affecting the male reproductive system.

Evaluation of subacute sodium fluoride toxicity on spermatozoa and testicular tissue of male wistar rats

Objective To study the effects of excessive fluorine on reproductive system of male ratsMethods Sodium fluoride was administered to male rats with drinking water (150 mg/L) for 10 weeks The sperm count, the rates of sperm mobility and aberration, the levels of biochemical marker enzyme of testis and epididymidis, as well as the levels of gonadal hormone in serum, were examined And the pathological alterations of testes were observedResults Contrasted with control rats, the sperm count, the rate of sperm mobility, as well as the levels of serum testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH), were suppressed by fluoride While the rate of sperm aberration was elevated The differences between two groups were significant ( P 005) The pathological alterations of testes were observedConclusions The long-term exposure to fluorine of high dose could produce toxicity effect on male reproductive system

Experimental study on effect of fluoride on reproductive system of male rats

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

wang xi-lin

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Experimental study on effect of fluoride on reproductive system of male rats