Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to human health that, by 2050, will lead to more deaths from bacterial infections than cancer. New antimicrobial agents, both broad-spectrum and selective, that do not induce AMR are urgently required. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a novel class of alternatives that possess potent activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and positive bacteria with little or no capacity to induce AMR. This has stimulated substantial chemical development of novel peptide-based antibiotics possessing improved therapeutic index. This review summarises recent synthetic efforts and their impact on analogue design as well as their various applications in AMP development. It includes modifications that have been reported to enhance antimicrobial activity including lipidation, glycosylation and multimerization through to the broad application of novel bio-orthogonal chemistry, as well as perspectives on the direction of future research. The subject area is primarily the development of next-generation antimicrobial agents through selective, rational chemical modification of AMPs. The review further serves as a guide toward the most promising directions in this field to stimulate broad scientific attention, and will lead to new, effective and selective solutions for the several biomedical challenges to which antimicrobial peptidomimetics are being applied.

Chemically modified and conjugated antimicrobial peptides against superbugs.

Guanidinium-functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) anion exchange polymer electrolytes were synthesized via activated fluorophnyl-amine reaction, followed by the methylation with dimethyl sulfate. The activated fluorine-amine reaction gives precise control of cation functionality without the deleterious side reactions and allows the direct connection of guanidinium into stable phenyl rings.

Guanidinium-FunctionalizedAnionExchangePolymerElectrolytesvia Activated Fluorophenyl-Amine Reaction

A flexible poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) composite film embedding LiNbO3 ceramics decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been synthesized using the solvent casting method. The polar β-phase, Ag NPs, and LiNbO3 phases were confirmed in the composite film using various characterization methods. The composite film showed promising degradation of cationic and anionic dyes using piezocatalysis under ultrasonication. Moreover, this composite film also effectively degraded two model pharmaceutical pollutants named tetracycline and ciprofloxacin using piezocatalysis under ultrasonication. In addition to this, this composite film piezocatalytically removed more than 99.999% of Escherichia coli and 96.65% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria within 180 min of sonication. The piezocatalytic performance of the PVDF composite film embedding Ag-loaded LiNbO3 in all three applications was superior to that obtained in the case of the PVDF film embedding LiNbO3 and the bare PVDF film. This demonstrates the pronounced effect of Ag NPs in the increase of piezocatalytic activity in the composite film.

Flexible Ag@LiNbO3/PVDF Composite Film for Piezocatalytic Dye/Pharmaceutical Degradation and Bacterial Disinfection.

Implant infection is one of the most severe complications after orthopedic surgery. The construction of an antibacterial coating on orthopedic implants with release-killing or contact-killing is one of the most efficient strategies to prevent implant-related infections. Here we reported a hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) based multilayer modified plasma-sprayed porous titanium coating generated via the layer-by-layer covalent-immobilized method. We demonstrated that the multilayer coating inhibited the colonization and biofilm formation of several bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA, ATCC 43300) and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE 287), in vitro. HACC in the multilayer was released slowly with the degradation of the coating under the action of collagenase, further killing the planktonic bacteria, while the remaining HACC could kill the colonized bacteria. In a rat model of femur implants, the HACC-based multilayer-modified TCs effectively controlled the infection caused by MRSA and prevented bone destruction. Therefore, the HACC-based multilayer modified TCs with multiple antimicrobial properties could be a new potential ideal surface modification strategy to prevent implant associated infections.

Improved antibacterial properties of collagen I/hyaluronic acid/quaternized chitosan multilayer modified titanium coatings with both contact-killing and release-killing functions.

Functional-modified polyurethanes for rendering surfaces antimicrobial: An overview.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic materials and discloses a dihydroxy fluorescence chain extender based on a carbazole derivative and preparation and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) under alkaline condition, an organic solvent is used as a reaction medium, carbazole and propargyl bromide react and subsequent processing is carried out to obtain an intermediate 9-propynyl carbazole; the molar ratio of carbazole to propargyl bromide is 1: 1.1-2; and (2) in the atmosphere of inert gas and in the presence of a catalyst and a reducing agent, the intermediate 9-propynyl carbazole and dihydroxy azide react in a solvent, and subsequent processing is carried out to obtain the dihydroxy fluorescence chain extender based on the carbazole derivative. The chain extender has high yield, has high fluorescence intensity and good anti-ultraviolet stability, and is used in manufacturing of a fluorescence WPU emulsion.

Dihydroxy fluorescence chain extender based on carbazole derivative and preparation and application thereof

Purpose




The purpose of this paper is to develop non-leaching and eco-friendly antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates with excellent antibacterial properties by grafting antibacterial vinyl monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) modified polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG).




Design/methodology/approach




PHMG of different molecular weights were modified by GMA to synthesize antibacterial vinyl monomer, GMA-modified PHMG (GPHMG). Different content and molecular weights of GPHMG were used to synthesize antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates through emulsion polymerization.




Findings




The addition of GPHMG gained by modifying PHMG showed little influence on thermal stability of the films, but decreased the glass transition temperature(Tg). Meanwhile, the tensile strength decreased, while the breaking elongation increased. The antibacterial properties of the antibacterial films with different GPHMG contents were studied, when GPHMG content was around 0.9 Wt.%, antibacterial films showed excellent antibacterial activity (antibacterial rate >= 99.99 per cent). When weight content of GPHMG in the films remained constant, antibacterial property of films increased first and then decreased with the increase of molecular weight of GPHMG. The structural antibacterial polymer film had more perdurable antibacterial activity than the blended one.




Research limitations/implications




The grafting efficiency of GPHMG to antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates could be further improved.




Practical implications




Antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates with excellent antibacterial properties can be used to antibacterial coating and adhesive.




Originality/value




The antibacterial properties of films with different molecular weight of GPHMG were studied, and the durability and stability of antibacterial properties between structural antimicrobial films and blended antimicrobial films were also investigated by ring-diffusion method.

Development of non-leaching and eco-friendly polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride based antimicrobial waterborne polyacrylates

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-water separation membranes, and discloses a large-flux hydrophilic oleophobic oil-water separation membrane with an antibacterial function as well as preparation and application of the membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) performing a reaction on a silane coupling agent and porous silicon dioxide in a protective gasby using an organic solvent as a reaction medium to obtain modified porous silicon dioxide, wherein the silane coupling agent is a silane coupling agent containing a quaternary ammonium salt group; (2) preparing a suspension from the modified porous silicon dioxide by adopting water to obtain a modified porous silicon dioxide suspension; and mixing the modified porous silicon dioxide suspension and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution; and (3) enabling the mixed solution to form a film on a screen mesh to obtain the hydrophilic oleophobic oil-water separation membrane. The oil-water separation membrane disclosed by the invention has a high membrane flux and high bactericidal ability; addition of the modified porous silicon dioxide improves strength of the separation membrane; and the separation membrane disclosed by the invention is environmentally friendly. The invention also discloses the application of the oil-water separation membrane in separation of oil-containing wastewater.

Large-flux hydrophilic oleophobic oil-water separation membrane with antibacterial function as well as preparation and application of membrane

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical materials and discloses a degradable biomedical material with intrinsic fluorescence characteristic and a preparation method of the degradable biomedical material. The structure of the degradable biomedical material with the intrinsic fluorescence characteristic is shown as formula I in the description, wherein R is HS-CH2-, HOCH2- and -H;n is an integer not equal to 0. According to the method, citric acid and castor oil are subjected to a heating reaction, then cooling is performed, amino acid is added, heating reaction is continued,aftertreatment is performed, and the degradable biomedical material with the intrinsic fluorescence characteristic is obtained, wherein the temperature of the heating reaction is 110-120 DEG C; the temperature of continuous heating reaction is 130-140 DEG C. The biomedical material is degradable, has excellent biocompatibility, has intrinsic fluorescence due to specific cyclic structure, and alsohas high fluorescence intensity and good stability.

Degradable biomedical material with intrinsic fluorescence characteristic and preparation method of degradable biomedical material

The invention discloses a polyethyleneimine modified antibacterial monomer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out a reaction between polyethyleneimine and glycidyl methacrylate, wherein the molar ratio of polyethyleneimine to glycidyl methacrylate is (3.5-4): 1; and carrying out follow-up processing to obtain the polyethyleneimine modified antibacterial monomer containing double bonds at two ends of a polymer. The invention also discloses an application of the antibacterial monomer in preparing waterborne antibacterial hydroxy acrylic resin. The polyethyleneimine modified antibacterial monomer is applied to the waterborne antibacterial hydroxy acrylic resin as a monomer raw material to solve the problem of endowing the antibacterial property of acrylic resin. Meanwhile, antibacterial molecules do not diffuse, and the antibacterial property of the polyethyleneimine modified antibacterial monomer is stable persistently.

Polyethyleneimine modified antibacterial monomer and preparation method and application thereof

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