The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying dimensions of AR technological attributes (ARTA), and estimate the hierarchical factor models for using a virtual fitting system in fashion retailing. The sample in this study consisted of consumers in their 20s and 30s. A total of 173 usable responses were obtained from volunteers who agreed to participate in the lab experiments and a survey with a questionnaire. The first-order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that perceived ARTA consisted of five factors: augmentation, vividness, visual comfort, responsiveness, and organized system in using the virtual fitting system. Also, the estimated second-order factor model showed that the five ARTA factors were predicted by higher-order two constructs: the first 

The Dimensionality of Perceived Augmented Reality Technological Attributes (ARTA) in Using the Virtual Fitting System: Testing Hierarchical Factor Structural Models

The survey found that many interactive interfaces of apps developed for the elderly on the market do not align with the visual characteristics of the elderly in terms of color configuration design. This mismatch greatly diminishes the usability and experience for elderly users. This research offers a meticulous analysis of user interface (UI) design for smart applications (APPs) specifically tailored for elderly users, focusing on enhancing visual functionality and protecting elderly users' physical & mental health through scientifically configured colors. Against the backdrop of China's aging population, this study implements the Hue, Saturation, and Lightness (HSL) model, and integrates methodologies from design, color theory, psychology, and statistics. Through visual simulation experiments, exhaustive questionnaires, and in-depth interviews, it was proposed that an APP interface color configuration design that meets the conditions of warm hue, high lightness, and medium saturation in the HSL model is most suitable for the elderly. The study also reveals a distinct aversion among the elderly toward colors with low lightness and specific cool hues. 

Elderly-Centric Chromatics: Unraveling the Color Preferences and Visual Needs of the Elderly in Smart APP Interfaces

The rapid expansion of metro systems has exacerbated lighting-related issues, including uneven illuminance, glare, and blind spots. These issues compromise passenger visual comfort and perceived safety. Previous research has predominantly focused on individual lighting parameters, paying little attention to the combined effects of multiple factors. Perceived safety is a core objective in metro space design and is particularly susceptible to adverse visual environments. This study uses field measurements, virtual environment simulations, and eye tracking experiments to investigate the influence of lighting conditions and interface design (ceiling height and material) on visual comfort and perceived safety. The findings indicate that light-coloured, low-reflectance materials enhance visual guidance, whereas dark, high-reflectance surfaces induce frequent gaze shifts and diminish perceived safety. The optimal environmental benchmark parameters were illuminance levels of 140–270 lux and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4428–6250 K. This study also discusses optimizing interface design parameters in different spatial contexts. It also revealed systematic correlations between lighting parameters and spatial geometry, particularly regarding ceiling height. Elevated spaces require increased illuminance and color temperature to compensate for light attenuation, while areas with low ceilings necessitate reduced lighting intensity and warmer color temperatures to mitigate oppressive sensations. This evidence provides a human-centered theoretical foundation for lighting design in underground transport spaces. 

Interface Design, Visual Comfort, and Safety Perception: An Empirical Study of Spatial Lighting Environments in Subway Systems

Road-crossing behavior and safety of pedestrians facing autonomous vehicles with an acceleration indicator eHMI in VR traffic flow

With the rapid development of multimedia technology and Internet technology, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are becoming more and more mature as the typical cutting-edge three-dimensional video technology. However, the visual comfort of three-dimensional image has gradually become an important factor related to the visual safety and physiological health of viewers. Aiming at the color difference of left and right eye views in VR/AR stereoscopic video, quantitative experiments through subjective assessment were conducted to study the influence of Hue, Saturation and Brightness (HSB) on visual comfort in binocular stereoscopic video, and VR/AR comfort relationship models based on HSB was established. The universality of the models was further verified through experiments, and the results showed that the matching accuracy rate between the subjective evaluation results and the VR/AR comfort relationship models reached more than 80%, that is, the model had a high consistency with the subjective evaluation results, which will provide a reference for the evaluation of VR/AR stereo video visual comfort.

Evaluation of VR/AR Visual Comfort Based on Color Perception

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Evaluation of VR/AR Visual Comfort Based on Color Perception