The temperature and moisture of single soil layer is difficult to represent the real growth environment around crop root. The measurement of temperature and moisture in multilayer and multipoint soil is easy to know water demand around crop root during its growth period deeply and accurately. It also can improve the water utilization coefficient and achieve basic data for the research on soil water infiltration variation and intelligent precise irrigation. In this paper, a monitoring system for multilayer soil temperature and moisture was designed based on WSN using the core ship CC2530. The system consists of three parts: monitoring nodes, a gateway node and a system platform in upper computer. The monitoring system was deployed in farmland. A lot of soil temperature and moisture data was got in real-time, and the changes of soil temperature and moisture in four soil layers with depths of 10cm, 20cm, 30cm and 40cm were obtained. The application in the farmland shows that the system is practical, functional and stable.

Design of Monitoring System for Multilayer Soil Temperature and Moisture Based on WSN

Wireless channel propagation characteristics and models are important to ensure the communication quality of wireless sensor networks in agriculture. Wireless channel attenuation experiments were carried out at different node antenna heights (0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, and 2.0 m) in the tillering, jointing, and grain filling stages of rice fields. We studied the path loss variation trends at different transmission distances and analyzed the differences between estimated values and measured values of path loss in a free space model and a two-ray model. Regression analysis of measured path loss values was used to establish a one-slope log-distance model and propose a modified two-slope log-distance model. The attenuation speed in wireless channel propagation in rice fields intensified with rice developmental stage and the transmission range had monotone increases with changes in antenna height. The relative error (RE) of estimation in the free space model and the two-ray model under four heights ranged from 6.48–15.49% and 2.09–13.51%, respectively, and these two models were inadequate for estimating wireless channel path loss in rice fields. The ranges of estimated RE for the one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance models during the three rice developmental stages were 2.40–2.25% and 1.89–1.31%, respectively. The one-slope and modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability for modeling of wireless channels in rice fields. The estimated RE values for the modified two-slope log-distance model were all less than 2%, which improved the performance of the one-slope log-distance model. This validates that the modified two-slope log-distance model had better applicability in a rice field environment than the other models. These data provide a basis for modeling of sensor network channels and construction of wireless sensor networks in rice fields. Our results will aid in the design of effective rice field WSNs and increase the transmission quality in rice field sensor networks.

Wireless Channel Propagation Characteristics and Modeling Research in Rice Field Sensor Networks.

For configuring wireless sensor networks system and node deployment in tea plantation, this paper researched propagation characteristics of 2.4 GHz wireless channel at different directions and heights in perennial tea plants. Received signal strength and packet loss numbers were obtained by field testing measurements at three directions and two heights. The results showed that different heights of sensor nodes in the tea plants determine the wireless channel propagation characteristics. But the impact of propagation directions on wireless signal is weaker. Besides, validation results show that it s best to deploy the sensor nodes antennas on the top of the tea canopy or above of it in the tea plantation. This research can provide technical support for WSN application in tea plantation.

Propagation Characteristics of 2.4 GHz Wireless Channel at Different Directions and Heights in Tea Plantation

Review on wireless sensor network technology applications in precision agriculture: Review on wireless sensor network technology applications in precision agriculture

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Review on wireless sensor network technology applications in precision agriculture: Review on wireless sensor network technology applications in precision agriculture