Measurement and estimation of CO2-brine interfacial tension and rock wettability under CO2 sub- and super-critical conditions

CO2/brine interfacial tension and rock wettability at reservoir conditions: A critical review of previous studies and case study of black shale from Malaysian formation

Global energy demand is increasing every year, and we face the drawbacks of extensive fossil fuel use in our daily lives more than ever. Hydrogen (H2) is currently assessed as an alternative energy source useful for industries due to its zero post-combustion emission. However, H2 is extremely compressible and volatile, making it difficult to transport and store at the surface. The underground storage of carbon dioxide has been practiced for many years in the oil and gas industry. Thus, implementing a similar approach for H2 seems promising. There is a serious lack of wettability and interfacial tension (IFT) data on H2 exposed to subsurface formations and fluids. Such data are essential for studying the H2 storage/withdrawal capacity in subsurface reservoirs. The role of mineralogy on the wettability of rock is well established; therefore, the influence of the rock type (e.g., calcite, dolomite, quartz, shale, anhydrite, gypsum, granite, and basalt) on the wettability (i.e., the contact angle) of a rock/H2/brine system was evaluated in this work based on realistic (aged with stearic acid) subsurface conditions (pressure: 10–100 bar and temperature: 20 °C–80 °C). In addition, the IFT in the H2/aqueous phase (distilled water and formation brine) was determined. With H2, the organically aged surfaces of calcite, dolomite, shale, and anhydrite become neutral-wet or slightly nonwater-wet. However, the wettability of quartz, granite, gypsum, and basalt samples remain slightly or strongly water-wet with increased pressure and temperature, suggesting higher capacities for H2 geo-storage purposes. The results also indicate that the H2/liquid IFT in DI water and brine increase with increased temperature and salinity, whereas the H2/liquid IFT drops sharply with increased pressure. Thus, the H2/liquid IFT and H2-wettability data for various minerals provide a comprehensive view and reveal the importance of mineral composition. The reservoir schemes and models should gauge the data in this work to correctly estimate geo-storage capacity based on rock mineralogy. The data can improve the feasibility of industrial-scale H2 geo-storage projects and reduce uncertainty and improve containment security. 

Experimental evaluation of rock mineralogy on hydrogen-wettability: Implications for hydrogen geo-storage

Wettability of rock/CO2/brine systems: A critical review of influencing parameters and recent advances

We perform molecular dynamics simulation study of CO2, methane, and their mixture in the presence of brine over a broad range of temperature (311–473 K), pressure (up to about 100 MPa), and NaCl concentration (up to about 14 wt %). The general decrease in the interfacial tension (IFT) values of the CH4–brine system with pressure and temperature is similar to that obtained for the corresponding CH4–water system. The IFT of methane and brine is a linearly increasing function of salt concentration, and the resulting slopes are dependent on the pressure. A similar behavior as methane is observed for such systems containing CO2 and CO2–CH4 mixture. The IFT of CO2 and brine increases linearly with increasing salt content; however, the resulting slopes are independent of pressure. The simulations show that the presence of CO2 decreases the IFT values of the CH4–water and CH4–brine systems, but the degree of reduction depends on the amount of CO2 in each sample, which is consistent with experimental evidence. The...

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Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Their Mixture in the Presence of Brine

Interfacial tension data and models are of great importance to the storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers. In this study, the pendant-drop method combined with axisymmetric drop shape analysis was used in the interpretation of the interfacial behavior of CO2 and brine. Extensive experimental measurements of the interfacial tension between CO2 and an NaCl solution were acquired for pressures ranging from 3.0 to 12.0 MPa, temperatures from 300 to 353 K, and NaCl molalities from 0 to 1.8 mol·kg–1, for a total of 1,254 valid data points. All experiments were conducted in a pressure cell fitted with a capillary tube to create pendant droplets in a CO2-rich atmosphere. The experimental results indicated that interfacial tension decreased with increasing pressure and increased with temperature and salinity. As pressure increased to a certain point, the interfacial tension reached a plateau. At a given temperature, the CO2–aqueous system reached a plateau for different salinities under nearly the same pressure. H...

Measurement of Interfacial Tension of CO2 and NaCl Aqueous Solution over Wide Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity Ranges

The invention belongs to the technical field of scientific research on petroleum and relates to a CO2-brine contact angle measuring method based on micro-focus X-ray CT. The measuring method comprises a rock core displacement process and a micro-focus X-ray CT shooting and image post-processing process. Pore-level in-situ measurement of CO2-brine contact angles is realized with the method. The CO2-brine contact angles in different positions and in different pores of rock cores can be measured after one-time shooting, and compared with traditional methods, the method consumes less time and is smaller in measurement result error. The method is applied to actual rock cores instead of smooth and ideal materials, and effects caused by surface roughness, mineral composition, heterogeneity of pore structures and the like on the CO2-brine contact angles are considered. The method is applicable to measurement of CO2-brine balance contact angles, retreat contact angles and advance contact angles and wide in measurement range. Measurement results are directly used as input parameters for numerical simulation and can be popularized to contact angle measurement of any gas-liquid-solid or liquid-liquid-solid three-phase systems.

CO2-brine contact angle measuring method based on micro-focus X-ray CT

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and geological science and provides a permeability predication method based on CT (computed tomography) images The method comprises steps as follows: CT scanning: an actual rock sample is scanned through industrial x-ray CT, and a digital rock core image of the actual rock sample is obtained and is cut; the digital rock core image is subjected to binarization, and a skeleton and pores of the digital rock core image are obtained; a representative elementary volume of the digital rock core image is determined; seepage simulation: an absolute permeability value and a relative permeability value are predication values of actual rock permeability According to the permeability predication method, the process is simple, and multiple measurement times of the rock permeability under different geological conditions are easy to realize; by means of the measurement method, the permeability of rock with anisotropy can be accurately predicated; a measurement result can be directly taken as an input parameter of numerical simulation, and the measurement method is applicable to rock permeability predication of any gas-liquid-solid or liquid-liquid-solid three-phase or multi-phase system The method can also be popularized to predication of other physical properties of rock

Permeability predication method based on CT (computed tomography) images

The invention discloses a memory-effect-based hydrate hydrogen storage device and a memory-effect-based hydrate hydrogen storage method, and belongs to the technical field of scientific instruments for petroleum. The hydrogen storage device and the hydrogen storage method are rapid, safe, low in cost and convenient to use, the design pressure is 0 to 20Mpa, and the design temperature is -20 to 30 DEG C. In order to strengthen the strength of the device and meet hydrogen storage, transportation and utilization requirements, the device is integrally made from a titanium alloy material, and is designed into a double-layer sleeve structure, wherein end covers and an inner barrel form a high-pressure resistant reaction chamber for generating and decomposing hydrate; the temperature of the inner barrel is controlled through a circulating cooling agent in an interlayer, and the interior of the interlayer can also be vacuumized to facilitate the storage and transportation of hydrogen; a filter can be used for filtering THF (tetrahydrofuran) gas which is volatilized during the release of hydrogen. According to the device and the method, THF hydrate decomposition water can be used for generating THF hydrate according to a memory effect, so that the reaction speed is greatly increased; the device is compact in structural design, recyclable, convenient to operate, simple and applicable.

Memory-effect-based hydrate hydrogen storage device and method

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Papers

Measurement of Interfacial Tension of CO2 and NaCl Aqueous Solution over Wide Temperature, Pressure, and Salinity Ranges

CO2-brine contact angle measuring method based on micro-focus X-ray CT

Permeability predication method based on CT (computed tomography) images

Memory-effect-based hydrate hydrogen storage device and method