Challenges and Key Learning for Developing Tight Carbonate Reservoirs

A new multi-mode resistivity imaging sonde, with toroidal coils as source, can conduct three resistivity measurements: azimuthal resistivity, lateral resistivity, and bit resistivity measurements. Thus, the logging time and cost are greatly saved. The toroidal coils are simplified as an extended voltage dipole and the response equations are derived for a homogenous formation. Based on 3D FEM, the depth of investigation (DOI), vertical resolution, circumferential azimuthal capacity, borehole diameter, mud resistivity, thickness of target formation, and the resistivity of the surrounding formation and mud invasion are simulated. The results suggest that the three measurement modes of the new sonde are different in vertical resolutions and DOIs. The circumferential detection ability of the azimuth button depends on the contrast between the anomaly and formation resistivity and the open angle of the anomaly. Whether the borehole is truncated at the bit or not has a great influence on the simulation results. The borehole and mud invasion affect the apparent resistivity in all modes, but the effects of resistivity of surrounding formation and thickness of the target formation are only corrected for lateral resistivity measurement.

3D FEM simulation of responses of LWD multi-mode resistivity imaging sonde

In a large carbonate oilfield located in the United Arab Emirates horizontal drilling has been used to enhance well productivity, injectivity and to reduce water coning. A key to the development of this field is an improved understanding of reservoir characterization to better appreciate the production impact of faulting, fracturing and secondary porosity. In lieu of these objectives a new logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool has been deployed to acquire high resolution borehole images and multiple-depth of investigation (MDOI) laterolog resistivities. The use of a LWD tool is particularly relevant to lateral wellbores drilled in relatively thin layered reservoirs as the interpretation and deployment of traditional wirelineconveyed measurements is complex. Traditional resistivity measurements acquired in horizontal wells can be difficult to interpret due to combined shoulder-bed, anisotropy and proximity effects, and as a result can lead to unrealistic estimates of water saturation (Sw). LWD laterolog measurements are mostly affected by invasion and relatively unaffected by resistivity anisotropy and shoulder-bed effects. This has a distinct advantage in horizontal wells as the resistivity measurements are negligibly influenced by nearby lateral beds or proximity effects, and if acquired while drilling also have minimal invasion effects. In this large carbonate oilfield the new LWD tool was used along with conventional triple combo propagation resistivity, neutron porosity, and formation density measurements. Accurate formation saturations in this previously problematic environment were computed, and images similar to those from wireline microimaging tools were acquired for structural, fracture, and porosity textural analysis. LWD acquisition parameters to optimize image quality were also investigated; most notably drilling rate of penetration (ROP), tool rotation speed (RPM) and formation/mud resistivity contrast (Rt/Rm).

Fracture, Texture and Saturation Analysis From High Resolution LWD Images and Resistivity

High Resolution Logging-While-Drilling, Lateral Well Resistivity And Image Interpretation - A Case Study

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High Resolution Logging-While-Drilling, Lateral Well Resistivity And Image Interpretation - A Case Study