This paper mainly summarizes the recent progresses for the cavitation study in the hydraulic machinery including turbo-pumps, hydro turbines, etc.. Especially, the newly developed numerical methods for simulating cavitating turbulent flows and the achievements with regard to the complicated flow features revealed by using advanced optical techniques as well as cavitation simulation are introduced so as to make a better understanding of the cavitating flow mechanism for hydraulic machinery. Since cavitation instabilities are also vital issue and rather harmful for the operation safety of hydro machines, we present the 1-D analysis method, which is identified to be very useful for engineering applications regarding the cavitating flows in inducers, turbine draft tubes, etc. Though both cavitation and hydraulic machinery are extensively discussed in literatures, one should be aware that a few problems still remains and are open for solution, such as the comprehensive understanding of cavitating turbulent flows especially inside hydro turbines, the unneglectable discrepancies between the numerical and experimental data, etc.. To further promote the study of cavitation in hydraulic machinery, some advanced topics such as a Density-Based solver suitable for highly compressible cavitating turbulent flows, a virtual cavitation tunnel, etc. are addressed for the future works.

A review of cavitation in hydraulic machinery

Tip clearance on pressure fluctuation intensity and vortex characteristic of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearances on cavitation performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode

Numerical and experimental investigation of tip leakage vortex trajectory and dynamics in an axial flow pump

Currently, operations of reversible pump turbines in pumped hydro energy storage plant suffer great instability problems in the well-known S-shaped characteristic regions, leading to the failure of...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0954406216640579

A review of rotating stall in reversible pump turbine

Numerical analysis of unsteady tip leakage vortex cavitation cloud and unstable suction-side-perpendicular cavitating vortices in an axial flow pump

The invention relates to a high-flow and low-lift water pump used in medium-and large-scale water conservancy projects, and discloses a pull-rod modularized guide vane type diagonal flow pump. The diagonal flow pump comprises parts of square outer barrel and inlet pipe connecting sections, square outer barrels, pull rods, impeller blades, blade hubs, guide vane hubs, guide vane blades, streamlined ribbed plates, a pump shaft, guide vane body flanges, hydrocones, screws, press plates, oil seals, bend pipe sections, rolling bearings, mechanical seals, couplers and the likeother parts. The diagonal flow pump is characterized in that impeller casings and guide vane body outer walls are integrated to form the outer barrels, a cross section of each outer barrel adopts an square outside and round inside shape, the left sides of the outer barrels can be directly clamped in the connecting sections for positioning, so that fast butt joint is achieved, and the left sides require no fastening part; and moreover, the right sides of the outer barrels are connected and fixed with the guide vane body flanges and flanges on the left sides of the bend pipe sections through the pull rods and the nuts. Pull-rod connection is adopted, the guide vane bodies are connected with the outer barrels and the bend pipe sections, therefore, compared with a traditional diagonal flow pump, the pull-rod modularized guide vane type diagonal flow pump is more convenient to dismount and mount, facilitates maintenance and detection, and can be used for observing cavitation bubbles produced due to internal cavitation of the diagonal flow pump.

Pull-rod modularized guide vane type diagonal flow pump

/pdf/numerical-investigation-of-time-dependent-cloud-cavitating-4meo47alvs.pdf

Numerical investigation of time-dependent cloud cavitating flow around a hydrofoil

In this paper, the tip leakage vortex (TLV) structures in an axial flow pump were investigated by numerical and experimental methods. Based on the comparisons of different blade tip clearance size (i.e., 0.5 mm, 1mm and 1.5mm) and different flow rate conditions, TLV trajectories were obtained by Swirling Strength method, and simulated by modified SST k-ω turbulence model with refined high-quality structured grids. A high-speed photography test was carried out to capture the tip leakage vortex cavitation in an axial flow pump with transparent casing. Numerical results were compared with the experimental leakage vortex trajectories, and a good agreement is presented. The detailed trajectories show that the start point of tip leakage vortex appears near the leading edge at small flow rate, and it moves from trailing edge to about 30% chord span at rated flow rate. At the larger flow rate condition, the starting point of TLV shifts to the middle of chord, and the direction of TLV moves parallel to the blade hydrofoil. As the increasing of the tip size, the start point of TLV trajectories moves to the central of chord and the minimum pressure in vortex core is gradually reduced.Copyright © 2013 by ASME

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Tip Leakage Vortex Trajectory in an Axial Flow Pump

The prediction accuracies of partially-averaged Navier-Stokes model and
 improved shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model for simulating the
 unsteady cavitating flow around the hydrofoil were discussed in this paper.
 Numerical results show that the two turbulence models can effectively
 reproduce the cavitation evolution process. The numerical prediction for the
 cycle time of cavitation inception, development, detachment, and collapse
 agrees well with the experimental data. It is found that the vortex pair
 induced by the interaction between the re-entrant jet and mainstream is
 responsible for the instability of the cavitation shedding flow.

/pdf/numerical-prediction-of-cavitating-flow-around-a-hydrofoil-1iwtdg0pco.pdf

Numerical prediction of cavitating flow around a hydrofoil using pans and improved shear stress transport k-omega model

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