This paper aims to understand the roles universities play in regional innovation systems in China. Specifically, it examines how Chinese practice concerning the engagement of the universities with society for promoting regional innovation systems differs from Western practices from the perspective of the Triple Helix. It focuses on China’s leading metropolis, Shanghai, and takes as a case study the Tongji Creative Cluster which, unlike most other clusters in China, is based on knowledge-intensive services rather than high-tech manufacturing. We find that although it is commonly assumed that the statist Triple Helix model characterises the development of the innovation system in China, the practices of the Tongji Creative Cluster take a different approach, combining both bottom-up initiatives in the initial stage and top-down coordination in later developments. We argue that this model is more useful for China’s regional innovation systems as it can overcome many challenges in the statist model.

The roles of universities in fostering knowledge-intensive clusters in Chinese regional innovation systems

While there is a common belief among policymakers and academics around the world that Triple Helix relationships between university, industry and government provide optimal conditions for innovation, it should be noted that the Triple Helix concept has been developed from the experience of advanced economies in the West. There is a lack of theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on whether the Triple Helix model is applicable in non-Western contexts. Following the understanding that the evolution of an ideal Triple Helix model is facilitated by certain institutional logics in Western societies, this paper takes China as an example to examine how the institutional logics in China are different from those of the West and how the institutional logics in China would promote or impede the development of the Triple Helix model in China in light of an extensive review of the relevant literature and policy documents. The study suggests that to optimise the Chinese innovation policies, China needs on the one hand to adjust some elements of its institutional environment to facilitate the interactions between key innovation actors and on the other hand to be innovative in developing its own Triple Helix modes given the unique Chinese institutional environment which will persist in the foreseeable future.

/pdf/implementing-the-triple-helix-model-in-a-non-western-context-e0ffbhdasc.pdf

Implementing the Triple Helix model in a non-Western context: an institutional logics perspective

This paper examines the role of joint RD further, it analyzes which mingling institutional logics, respectively carried by a Chinese research university and an international enterprise, affect the collaboration between both parties moving from informal RD on the empirical front, it examines the evolutionary path of a joint R&D institute established by a Chinese research university and an international enterprise.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/24/7133/pdf

Developing Joint R&D Institutes between Chinese Universities and International Enterprises in China’s Innovation System: A Case at Tsinghua University

This paper presents a comprehensive examination on China’s technological innovation system with support of actual figures. Under the guidance “Advancing the overall con struction of China’s national innovation system”, China has given its priority to build the technological innovation system. Based on the policymakers’ interpretation of the term “innovation”, enterprises are placed as its mainstay. Indeed, China has witnessed increased innovation awareness as well as capability from its enterprises in recent years; Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE are typical examples of China’s innovative enterprises. Moreover, as its market environment improves, new forms of organization for innovation and transformed research institutions have also been developing fast. However, as a transitional economy, China’s technological innovation system is also facing great challenges. Low enterprise R&D intensity, shortage of innovative talents in enterprises, poor R&D capability in developing industrial generic technology are not all but just some of the problems China has to deal with in the upcoming period. The Chinese government must handle the relationship between itself and market forces more skillfully so as to keep its technological innovation system to develop in a healthy manner.

A diAgnosis of ChinA's teChnologiCAl innovAtion system

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A diAgnosis of ChinA's teChnologiCAl innovAtion system