Recovery of solanesol from tobacco as a value-added byproduct for alternative applications.

Solanesol, an aliphatic terpene alcohol composed of nine isoprene units, is mainly found in solanaceous plants. Particularly, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), belonging to the Solanaceae family, is the richest plant source of solanesol, and its leaves have been regarded as the ideal material for solanesol extraction. Since the discovery of solanesol in tobacco, significant progress has been achieved in research on solanesol’s bioactivities, medicinal value, accumulation, extraction technology, and determination methods. Solanesol possesses strong free radical absorption ability and antioxidant activity owing to the presence of several non-conjugated double bonds. Notably, solanesol’s anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities have been previously demonstrated. Solanesol is a key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2, and the anticancer agent synergiser N-solanesyl-N,N′-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) ethylenediamine. Other applications of solanesol include solanesol derivative micelles for hydrophobic drug delivery, solanesol-derived scaffolds for bioactive peptide multimerization, and solanesol-anchored DNA for mediating vesicle fusion. Solanesol accumulation in plants is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including biotic stresses caused by pathogen infections, temperature, illumination, and agronomic measures. Seven extraction technologies and seven determination methods of solanesol are also systematically summarized in the present review. This review can serve as a reference for solanesol’s comprehensive application.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/8/334/pdf

Bioactivities and Medicinal Value of Solanesol and Its Accumulation, Extraction Technology, and Determination Methods.

Separation of solanesol from the tobacco leaves extract was performed by high speed countercurrent chromatography using a solvent system composed of petroleum ether‐ethanol‐methanol (200∶1∶100, v/v). In each separation, one gram of the tobacco leaves extract was injected to the multilayer coil separation column to yield 121 mg of solanesol with a purity of 90.7%. The obtained solanesol was identified by ESI‐MS, 1H, and 13C‐NMR.

Preparation of Solanesol from a Tobacco Leaf Extract Using High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Objective: Isolation of solanesol of maximum purity from tobacco waste and rapid identification by RP-HPLC and structural characterization by FTIR, LC-MS, 1H NMR spectrometry. Methods: A method of cold extraction for isolation of solanesol from tobacco waste was developed. The crude extract containing solanesol (14.26% HPLC purity) was subjected to a series of steps, viz., saponification and solvent crystallization. The pure solanesol (92.14% HPLC purity) was characterized by FTIR, LC-MS, 1H NMR spectrometry. The analysis was carried out by a simple and rapid RP-HPLC method on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 µm) with methanol-isopropanol (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 215 nm. Results: A novel competent and inexpensive protocol was developed for isolation of solanesol from tobacco waste. The RP-HPLC method was linear over the range 10-50 µg/mL and the retention time was 6.127 min. Accuracy, precision and repeatability, were within the required limits. The mean recoveries measured at the three concentrations were higher than 98.6% with RSD < 2%. Conclusion: It is a convenient and efficient method for the extraction of solanesol from tobacco waste and shows great potential for the large-scale industrial applications.

A new method of extraction, isolation and determination of solanesol from tobacco waste (nicotiana tobacum l.) by non-aqueous rp-hplc

Determination of solanesol in the extracts of tobacco leaves by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

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Determination of solanesol in the extracts of tobacco leaves by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)