The effects of MnS inclusions in a non-quenched and tempered steel on banded ferrite/pearlite (F/P) microstructure have been studied in this investigation. The results show that the banded microstructure is mainly caused by fluctuations in the concentration of alloying elements such as Mn and Cr, which were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. As a manganese-rich precipitate, MnS inclusions might produce extra effects on the banded microstructure and diffusion behavior of alloying elements depending on their size and distribution. Large-sized MnS inclusions distributed within pearlite bands retard the diffusion process of alloying elements, and accordingly, aggregate the degree of banding. On the contrary, small-sized MnS inclusions are much smaller than average grain size, which have little effects on the diffusion of alloying elements on a large scale, and they can promote the nucleation of ferrite and lead to a uniform distribution of ferrite and pearlite. An extended homogenization treatment at high temperatures can convert large-sized MnS inclusions into evenly dispersed smaller inclusions, and accordingly reduce the effect of MnS inclusions on the final microstructure.

Effects of MnS Inclusions on the Banded Microstructure in Non-quenched and Tempered Steel

Three-dimensional investigation of sulfides is required in order to improve the mechanical properties of steel by controlling the sulfides in the steel A method including its principles and device is introduced for the investigation of three-dimensional morphology of sulfides The method is suitable for gear steel, free cutting steel, non-quenched steel, tempered steel (wS ≥ 002 wt%), etc The influences of current density, time, and temperature on the exposure degree of sulfide inclusions were investigated by using 16MnCrS5 steel The best parameters of electrolytic etching of sulfur steel, as found by experimentation, are as follows: current density, 375–525 mA/cm2; time, 30–35 min; and temperature, − 10 to 0 °C Under these conditions, the three-dimensional morphology of sulfide inclusions in sulfur-bearing steel can be exposed effectively

A method for observing tridimensional morphology of sulfide inclusions by non-aqueous solution electrolytic etching

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusions in a High Sulfur Steel

Effect of Mg addition on TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel

A high‐efficiency fast‐detection platform (FDP) is set up to detect the spacial distribution of non‐metallic inclusions in slab. The spacial distribution of inclusion in the slab is asymmetrical and non‐uniform. In the vertical part of the caster, more inclusions are found in the loose side; while in the bending part, more inclusions are found in the fixed side. Two main sources of inclusions are revealed through SEM + EDS method: slag entrapment and oxidation of molten steel. The reason for these large inclusions is because of the high super heat and excessive rate of water cooling, since the micro structure is proven to be Widmanstatten. Then, a large eddy simulation (LES) model coupled with solidification is developed to study the inclusion transport and entrapment in the mold. Results show that the velocity near the fixed side is larger than that in the loose side, leading to the fact that more inclusions are removed from the top surface at the fixed side. Smaller inclusions are easier taken deep into the bending part of the caster, and are dragged by the curvature of fixed side, leading to the fact that inclusions in the fixed side are more than that in the loose side.

Detection and Numerical Simulation of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Continuous Casting Slab

Liver fibrosis is the common pathological change of chronic liver diseases characterized by increased deposition of extracellular matrix and reduced matrix degradation. In response to liver injury caused by a variety of pathogenic agents, such as virus and alcohol, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are differentiated into myofibroblast-like cells and produce excessive collagens, thus resulting in fibrogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are the essential innate immune cells in the liver and generally control fibrosis by killing activated HSCs. This review briefly describes the fibrogenesis process and the phenotypic features of hepatic NK cells. Besides, it focuses on the antifibrotic mechanisms of NK cells and explores the potential of activating NK cells as a therapeutic strategy for the disease.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15353702221092672

The antifibrotic role of natural killer cells in liver fibrosis

The invention relates to the technical field of quality detection of continuous casting production in ferrous metallurgy and particularly relates to a detection method for sulfur-containing inclusions in steel. According to the detection method, magnetic impurities in mixed liquid are removed in a magnetic separation manner, non-magnetic iron-containing compounds are converted into iron particles or magnetic iron-containing compounds, and the iron particles or the magnetic iron-containing compounds are removed in a magnetic separation manner, so that the influences caused by the non-magnetic iron-containing compounds to the detection of a target sulfur-containing inclusion are reduced, and a detection result is relatively accurate. Besides, finally obtained inclusion powder is placed on a conductive carrier so as to be subjected to SEM detection or EDS detection, so that a three-dimensional shape characteristic map of the inclusion can be obtained, the shape of the target sulfur-containing inclusion can be comprehensively and accurately expressed, and therefore, the reliable and accurate basis is provided for subsequent researches. Besides, the sulfur-containing inclusions are not separated from a steel sample by virtue of an acid dissolution method, so that the detection method is applicable to the sulfur-containing inclusions dissolvable in acid.

Detection method for sulfur-containing inclusions in steel

The invention discloses a device and a method for nondestructive testing of sulfide inclusions in steel. The device comprises an electrolytic cell, a low-temperature thermostatic control bath, a direct-current potentiostat, an argon bottle, a flowmeter, a pH meter, a computer and a plurality of cellulose acetate plastic bags 8. The method includes 1), making preparations for samples and preparing electrolyte by even mixing of anhydrous lithium chloride, gamma-butyrolactone, glycerol and absolute ethyl alcohol; 2), completing electrolysis preparations; 3), starting electrolysis, namely controlling a pH value of the electrolyte to be 7-9 by a citric acid solution, and electrolyzing for 12-36 hours; 4), washing the steel samples and the cellulose acetate plastic bags with the absolute ethyl alcohol, weighing the washed steel samples and subjecting washing liquid to magnetic separation; 5), conducting classified filtration under vacuum and separating out the sulfide inclusions. The device and the method have the advantages that Fe oxidization during filtration is avoided, filtering and collecting efficiency is improved, loss of the inclusions during filtration is reduced, and nondestructive extraction of tiny inclusions in the steel is achieved.

Device and method for nondestructive testing of sulfide inclusions in steel

The invention relates to a size prediction method of a MnS inclusion in a steel continuous casting blank. The method comprises the following steps: a primary dendritic crystal arm distance gamma 1 is obtained according a solid-liquid interface propelling speed V and a temperature gradient G in the steel continuous casting solidification process; the primary dendritic crystal arm distance gamma 1 is substituted into a mapping relation between an area Ai of a node i and the node i and a mapping relation between an area Aj of a node j and the node j; a separation mass of the MnS inclusion in a calculation domain is obtained according to two mapping relations and the mass conservation characteristic of solute elements Mn and S in the control unit volume in the calculation domain; and a radius value of the MnS inclusion is obtained according to the separation mass of the MnS inclusion. A quantifying relation between the size of the MnS inclusion in steel and dendritic crystal of solidified dendritic crystal structure of the continuous casting blank is built; and the size of the MnS inclusion in the steel can be quantitatively predicted according to the solidified structure of the continuous casting blank to provide new thoughts to control of the MnS inclusion in the continuous casting blank.

Size prediction method of MnS inclusion in steel continuous casting blank

The invention relates to the technical field of continuous casting production quality detection of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a detection method of a solidification dendritic structure of a steel continuous casting billet. A corrosion method for a dendritic structure detection process is formed by a brand-new corrosive (comprising the following raw materials by mass percentage: 2-6% of picric acid, 3-8% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 86-95% of water), corrosion temperature (60-70 DEG C) and corrosion time (30-40min) to be applicable to the detection method of a large-section dendritic crystal; and the minimum size of the to-be-detected surface of the dendritic crystal is greater than or equal to 10cm. After an image of the to-be-detected surface of a product to be detected is acquired, and subjected to sharp processing, the image can be used for quantitatively determining area proportions of a columnar crystal zone, a mixed crystal zone and an isometric crystal zone on the to-be-detected surface; and quantitative detection of a dendritic structure pattern of the continuous casting billet is achieved.

Detection method of solidification dendritic structure of steel continuous casting billet

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