SPc can be conjugated with dinotefuran through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, which reduce particle size, increase plant uptake and bioactivity, and decrease residue. The dinotefuran/SPc complex is relatively safe to predators and plants. 

A nanocarrier pesticide delivery system with promising benefits in the case of dinotefuran: strikingly enhanced bioactivity and reduced pesticide residue

There is a growing demand for reducing pesticide application to minimize their potential threats to food/ environmental safety. Herein, a star polymer (SPc) with low production cost was synthesized using two reactions, and it could be applied as an efficient pesticide nanocarrier/adjuvant. SPc could be spontaneously conjugated with dinotefuran through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces with a pesticide loading content (PLC) of 17.41%. The complexation of dinotefuran with SPc reduced the dinotefuran size from 269.28 to 29.43 nm and significantly decreased the contact angle of pesticide droplets from 53.4 to 27.9 degrees on plant leaves. The plant uptake of SPc-delivered dinotefuran was increased by 1.45 and 1.53 times those of dinotefuran alone at 6 and 12 h after treatment. As envisioned, in the dose-dependent experiments, the corrected mortality of aphids treated with the dinotefuran/SPc complex was finally increased by 18.4% (100 mg L − 1 ), 15.0% (50 mg L − 1 ) and 10.7% (25 mg L − 1 ) compared to dinotefuran alone. Interestingly, the residue of dinotefuran delivered by SPc was decreased to 1.21, 1.37 and 2.30 times 3, 5 and 7 d after the treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the dinotefuran/SPc complex showed no negative effects on agronomic traits (fresh weight, plant height, and leaf length and width) of oilseed rape; however it had a slight synergistic effect on non-target lady beetles due to the enhancement of broad-spectrum bioactivity. SPc is a promising pesticide adjuvant to improve the bioactivity of synthetic pesticides and decrease the pesticide residue, showing great potential for green pest management. pesticide residue in plants, (2) whether the application of SPc-delivered pesticides affects non-target predators while enhancing the bioactivity of pesticides, and (3) whether the contact angle of SPc-delivered pesticide decreases to promote the distribution and spreading of pesticide on plant leaves, avoiding surface runoff and spray drift. The current study supports the theory that the benefits of SPc-delivered pesticide are not only the enhanced bioactivity toward insect pests but also the reduced residue in plants. the control. The current study also tested commercial the as dinotefuran. Aphids were

There is a great demand for improving the effective utilization of pesticides and reducing their application for sustainable agriculture, and polymeric nanoparticles have provided strong technical support for the efficient delivery of pesticides. To this context, we tried to construct a relatively safe imidaclothiz nano-delivery system for enhanced plant uptake, reduced pesticide residue and improved bioactivity toward green peach aphids. The imidaclothiz could be assembled with the hydrophobic core of SPc through hydrophobic association, which led to the self-assembly of nanoscale imidaclothiz/SPc complex consisting of nearly spherical particles. The SPc decreased the contact angle of imidaclothiz drops and remarkably increased the plant uptake. Furthermore, the bioactivity and control efficacy of imidaclothiz were significantly improved with the help of SPc in both laboratory and field. Excitingly, the residue of imidaclothiz decreased with the help of SPc 7 d after the treatment due to the faster degradation of nanoscale imidaclothiz/SPc complex, which exhibited no negative effects on agronomic traits of tobacco plants. The current study successfully constructed a nano-delivery system for imidaclothiz, which can not only increase the effective utilization of pesticides, but also decrease the pesticide residue. 

/pdf/nanocarrier-loaded-imidaclothiz-promotes-plant-uptake-and-36jka71r.pdf

Nanocarrier-Loaded Imidaclothiz Promotes Plant Uptake and Decreases Pesticide Residue

Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae are the main aphid pests and vectors of viruses that attack many crops, including oilseed rape, the most commonly grown dicotyledonous crop in the Czech Republic. In this study, we analysed the flight activity of both aphids from five suction traps over 20 years (2004–2023). We focussed on (i) the influence of the ban on seed dressing with neonicotinoids on aphid catches, (ii) the influence of the average temperature on flight activity, and (iii) the number of males/females caught in the suction traps. We compared the data on aphid flight activity at the coldest and warmest sites and found that migration starts about 10 days earlier at the warmest site than at the coldest site and that aphid populations are more numerous here. The number of catches in suction traps was observed for both aphids after the ban on neonicotinoids was significantly increased. For M. persicae, it was about 9 times higher, while for B. brassicae, it was about 1.3 times higher. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in the number of males in M. persicae with a simultaneous increase in the number of females (in autumn), which could be an indication of the formation of anholocyclic populations. Overall, our results showed a significantly high abundance of both aphid species depending on the observed locations, which seems to be related to the ban of neonicotinoids. Therefore, an effective alternative is needed to improve the control of aphid vectors that can ensure the stability of crops against aphid-transmitted virus diseases. 

Analysis of Twenty Years of Suction Trap Data on the Flight Activity of Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae, Two Main Vectors of Oilseed Rape Infection Viruses

Introduction Reproductive polymorphism and symbiotic bacteria are commonly observed in aphids, but their interaction remains largely unclear. In polymorphic aphid species (Aphis gossypii), offspring of parthenogenetic females (PFs) develops into sexuparae which produces gynoparae and males successively. Gynoparae further produces sexual females (SFs), and these sexual females mate with males to produce offspring. Methods In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of symbiotic bacteria during the above-mentioned five reproductive morph switch in A. gossypii via 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Results The results showed that species richness and community diversity of symbiotic bacteria in males were the highest. Proteobacteria was absolutely dominant bacterial phylum (with relative abundance of more than 90%) in the five reproductive morphs of A. gossypii, and Buchnera was absolutely dominant genus (with relative abundance of >90%), followed by Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea. Male-killing symbiont Arsenophonus presented the highest relative abundance in gynoparae, a specific morph whose offsprings were exclusively sexual females. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis showed trans-generation similarity in microbial community structure between sexuparae and sexual females, between PFs and gynoparae. PICRUSt 2 analysis showed that symbiotic bacteria in the five reproductive morphs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. Discussion Reproductive morph switch induced by environmental changes might be associated with bacterial community variation and sexual polymorphism of aphids. This study provides a new perspective for further deciphering the interactions between microbes and reproductive polymorphism in host aphids.

/pdf/dynamic-changes-in-species-richness-and-community-diversity-3sc3vc0h.pdf

Dynamic changes in species richness and community diversity of symbiotic bacteria in five reproductive morphs of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Reproductive polyphenism and its advantages in aphids: Switching between sexual and asexual reproduction

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Reproductive polyphenism and its advantages in aphids: Switching between sexual and asexual reproduction