/pdf/methods-for-determination-of-inorganic-substances-in-water-2hsqvlrj3f.pdf

Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments

Amino acid analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate.

Manual for the geochemical analyses of marine sediments and suspended particulate matter

The first part of this two-part review focused on the fundamental and diagnostics aspects of laser-induced plasmas, only touching briefly upon concepts such as sensitivity and detection limits and largely omitting any discussion of the vast panorama of the practical applications of the technique. Clearly a true LIBS community has emerged, which promises to quicken the pace of LIBS developments, applications, and implementations. With this second part, a more applied flavor is taken, and its intended goal is summarizing the current state-of-the-art of analytical LIBS, providing a contemporary snapshot of LIBS applications, and highlighting new directions in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, such as novel approaches, instrumental developments, and advanced use of chemometric tools. More specifically, we discuss instrumental and analytical approaches (e.g., double- and multi-pulse LIBS to improve the sensitivity), calibration-free approaches, hyphenated approaches in which techniques such as Raman and fluorescence are coupled with LIBS to increase sensitivity and information power, resonantly enhanced LIBS approaches, signal processing and optimization (e.g., signal-to-noise analysis), and finally applications. An attempt is made to provide an updated view of the role played by LIBS in the various fields, with emphasis on applications considered to be unique. We finally try to assess where LIBS is going as an analytical field, where in our opinion it should go, and what should still be done for consolidating the technique as a mature method of chemical analysis.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1366/11-06574

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), part II: review of instrumental and methodological approaches to material analysis and applications to different fields.

The variable chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield is known to be related to the photochemical activity of photosystem I1 (PSII) of oxygen-evolving organisms. The kinetics of the fluorescence rise from the minimum yield, F,, to the maximum yield, F,, is a monitor of the accumulation of net reduced primary bound plastoquinone (QA) with time in all the PSII centers. Using a shutter-less system (Plant Efficiency Analyzer, Hansatech, UK), which allows data accumulation over several orders of magnitude of time (40 11s to 120 s), we have measured on a logarithmic time scale, for the first time, the complete polyphasic fluorescence rise for a variety of oxygenic plants and cyanobacteria at different light intensities. With increasing light intensity, the fluorescence rise is changed from a typical 0-I-P characteristic to curves with two intermediate levels J and I, both of which show saturation at high light intensity but different intensity dependence. Under physiological conditions, Chl a fluorescence transients of all the organisms examined follow the sequence of 0-J-I-P. The characteristics of the kinetics with respect to light intensity and temperature suggest that the 0-J phase is the photochemical phase, leading to the reduction of QA to QA-. The intermediate level I is suggested to be related to a heterogeneity in the filling up of the plastoquinone pool. The P is reached when all the plastoquinone (PQ) molecules are reduced to PQH2. The addition of 3-(3-4-dichIorophenyl)- 1,l -dimethylurea leads to a transformation of the 0-J-I-P rise into an 0-J rise. The kinetics of 0-J-I-P observed here was found to be similar to that of 0-1,-12-P, reported by Neubauer and Schreiber (2. Naturforsch. 42c, 1246-1254, 1987). The biochemical significance of the fluorescence steps 0-J-I-P with respect to the filling up of the plasto- quinone pool by PSII reactions is discussed.

POLYPHASIC CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENT IN PLANTS AND CYANOBACTERIA

Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Reduction of matrix interferences for lead determination with the L'vov platform and the graphite furnace

Magnesium nitrate as a matrix modifier in the stabilized temperature platform furnace

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples by reversed-phase performance liquid chromatography

Determination of lead in a chloride matrix with the graphite furnace

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