There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Weyl and Dirac semimetals are three-dimensional phases of matter with gapless electronic excitations that are protected by topology and symmetry. As three-dimensional analogs of graphene, they have generated much recent interest. Deep connections exist with particle physics models of relativistic chiral fermions, and, despite their gaplessness, to solid-state topological and Chern insulators. Their characteristic electronic properties lead to protected surface states and novel responses to applied electric and magnetic fields. The theoretical foundations of these phases, their proposed realizations in solid-state systems, and recent experiments on candidate materials as well as their relation to other states of matter are reviewed.

Weyl and Dirac semimetals in three-dimensional solids

The heat capacity c p (T, H) in magnetic fields up to 14 T for polycrystalline samples of Gd 2 Mo 2 O 7 and Sm 2 Mo 2 O 7 pyrochlore compounds is presented. In contrast to previous work, for both compounds well defined peaks in c p (T, H = 0) at 73 K (Gd) and 70 K (Sm) mark the onset of ferromagnetic order in the Mo subsystem. For Gd 2 Mo 2 O 7 a small step-like anomaly at 11.3 K on top of a large Schottky-like anomaly indicates partial magnetic ordering in the Gd subsystem. The magnetic contributions to c p (T) are estimated by comparing with a proper lattice reference and the evolution of magnetic entropies with temperature and external field is analysed.

Calorimetric study of the pyrochlore compounds Gd2Mo2O7 and Sm2Mo2O7

Black shiny platelets of Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 were crystallized from melts of the metals and BiI3. Despite very similar compositions and close peritectics, a protocol for targeted synthesis could be developed based on differences of the decomposition pressures. Bi8Pt5I3 has a monoclinic crystal structure [space group C2/m; a = 1850.7(2) pm, b = 391.46(3) pm, c = 1340.5(1) pm, β = 113.28(1)°], in which corrugated intermetallic layers alternate with monolayers of non-coordinating iodide ions. The platinum atoms are in square, trigonal-prismatic, or capped trigonal-prismatic coordination by bismuth atoms. Additional covalent bonding between platinum atoms defines flat stripes of five atoms width inside the intermetallic layer. Bi16Pt11I6 crystallizes in the acentric tetragonal space group P4212 with a = 1386.6(1) pm and c = 924.5(1) pm. Corresponding to the higher transition-metal content, the covalent network of platinum atoms is two-dimensional. The node connectivity in the network is three or four; the total coordination number of all platinum atoms is ten. Single layers of iodide ions separate the intermetallic layers. Two-thirds of the iodide ions are coordinating bismuth atoms that protrude from the intermetallic layer, forming [BiI4] squares. Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline powders indicate that Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 are diamagnetic metals. The calculated electronic band structures confirm pseudo two-dimensional metallic character only for Bi8Pt5I3.

The Bismuth Subiodides Bi8Pt5I3 and Bi16Pt11I6 - Layered Metals with Covalent Platinum Networks

The magnetic, thermal and transport properties as well as electronic band structure of MnPtSi are reported. MnPtSi is a metal that undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at T_C = 340(1) K and a spin–reorientation transition at T_N = 326(1) K to an antiferromagnetic phase. First–principles electronic structure calculations indicate a not–fully polarized spin state of Mn in a d^5 electron conﬁguration with J = S = 3/2, in agreement with the saturation magnetization of 3 µ_B per f.u. in the ordered state and the observed paramagnetic eﬀective moment. A sizeable anomalous Hall eﬀect in the antiferromagnetic phase alongside the computational study suggests that the antiferromagnetic structure is non–collinear. Based on thermodynamic measurements and resistivity data we construct a magnetic phase diagram. Magnetization curves M(H) at low temperatures reveal a metamagnetic transition of spin–ﬂop type. The spin-ﬂopped phase terminates at a critical point with T_cr ≈ 300 K
and H_cr ≈ 10 kOe, near which a peak of the magnetocaloric entropy change is observed. Using Arrott plot analysis and magnetoresistivity data we argue that the metamagnetic transition is of a ﬁrst–order type, whereas the strong ﬁeld dependence of T_N and the linear relationship of the T_N with M^2 hint at its magnetoelastic nature.

/pdf/complex-magnetic-phase-diagram-of-metamagnetic-mnptsi-ypsrh96e0i.pdf

Complex magnetic phase diagram of metamagnetic MnPtSi

Sb2SmO4Cl, eine erste Antimon-Seltenerd-Oxid-Chlorid-Verbindung

Erratum: Ultrahigh mobility and nonsaturating magnetoresistance in Heusler topological insulators [Phys. Rev. B 86, 155314 (2012)]

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