Hectolitre weight (HW) is the principal quantitative parameter used by receiving units as an indicator of the quality of wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.). The moisture content and the equipment used can be considered important sources of variation to assess a batch, requiring correct sizing of the sample used to measure the HW. This research identified the variability between the equipment used to evaluate HW with or without correcting the grain moisture content, and to estimate the ideal number of samples for the commercial classification of wheat batches. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block design with four replications. Seven batches of wheat grain from different cultivars and/or production sites were used to measure the HW using three types of equipment (Equipment ‘A’, Equipment ‘B’ and Equipment ‘C’), with and without correcting the grain moisture content to 13%. Higher values for HW were determined with Equipment ‘A’ (77.15) compared to Equipment ‘B’ (75.08) and Equipment ‘C’ (74.69), classifying the wheat according to type. The moisture content affected the HW, but did not change the final classification of the wheat in terms of type. The ideal number of samples for HW ranged from 1 to 18 at the lowest level of precision (HW=mean±1 kg hl-1) and from 67 to 1820 samples for the highest precision (HW=mean±0.1 kg hl-1). Equipment ‘B’ requires a smaller number of samples (possibly as few as one) for the same level of precision (HW=mean±1 kg hl-1), whereas Equipment ‘A’ requires a greater number of samples for the majority of batches. Correctly classifying wheat by HW therefore depends on a larger number of samples.

/pdf/plant-density-on-yield-of-husk-tomato-physalis-ixocarpa-brot-4lnbwcyym9.pdf

Plant density on yield of Husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) in field and greenhouse

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and light-intercepting characteristics of tomatoes when movable benches are used in their cultivation. We cultivated tomatoes in a greenhouse (168 m2) during summer (9 July–9 September 2018) under different furrow distances (F1.0 = 1.0 m and F1.6 = 1.6 m) and movable benches (M indicates that the furrow distance = 0.4–0.8 m). Compared to the other treatments, when the movable bench was used to the change furrow distance depending on the plant growth stage (M treatment), the percentage of canopy light interception increased to ~90% at the early stage of plant growth (~20 days after transplanting). The percentage of canopy light interception for different treatments increased in the order of M &gt; F1.0 &gt; F1.6, and it increased towards the end of cultivation. In addition, the yield per unit area exhibited the same trend. Therefore, the solar radiation inside a greenhouse can be efficiently intercepted by plants when movable benches are used. This indicated that it was possible to increase plant yield per unit area using movable benches in plant cultivation. 

/pdf/light-intercepting-characteristics-and-growth-of-tomatoes-bcawt16i.pdf

Light-Intercepting Characteristics and Growth of Tomatoes Cultivated in a Greenhouse Using a Movable Bench System

: The objective of this study was to investigate the growth and light-intercepting characteristics of tomatoes when movable benches are used in their cultivation. We cultivated tomatoes in a greenhouse (168 m 2 ) during summer (9 July–9 September 2018) under different furrow distances (F1.0 = 1.0 m and F1.6 = 1.6 m) and movable benches (M indicates that the furrow distance = 0.4–0.8 m). Compared to the other treatments, when the movable bench was used to the change furrow distance depending on the plant growth stage (M treatment), the percentage of canopy light interception increased to ~90% at the early stage of plant growth (~20 days after transplanting). The percentage of canopy light interception for different treatments increased in the order of M > F1.0 > F1.6, and it increased towards the end of cultivation. In addition, the yield per unit area exhibited the same trend. Therefore, the solar radiation inside a greenhouse can be efﬁciently intercepted by plants when movable benches are used. This indicated that it was possible to increase plant yield per unit area using movable benches in plant cultivation.

Abstract Cannabis sativa is cultivated for multiple uses including the production of cannabinoids. In developing improved production systems for high‐cannabinoid cultivars, scientists and cultivators must consider the optimization of complex and interacting sets of morphological, phenological, and biochemical traits, which have historically been shaped by natural and anthropogenic selection. Determining factors that modulate cannabinoid variation within and among genotypes is fundamental to developing efficient production systems and understanding the ecological significance of cannabinoids. Thirty‐two high‐cannabinoid hemp cultivars were characterized for traits including flowering date and shoot‐tip cannabinoid concentration. Additionally, a set of plant architecture traits, as well as wet, dry, and stripped inflorescence biomass were measured at harvest. One plant per plot was partitioned post‐harvest to quantify intra‐plant variation in inflorescence biomass production and cannabinoid concentration. Some cultivars showed intra‐plant variation in cannabinoid concentration, while many had a consistent concentration regardless of canopy position. There was both intra‐ and inter‐cultivar variation in architecture that correlated with intra‐plant distribution of inflorescence biomass, and concentration of cannabinoids sampled from various positions within a plant. These relationships among morphological and biochemical traits will inform future decisions by cultivators, regulators, and plant breeders.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/pld3.503

Correlations among morphological and biochemical traits in high‐cannabidiol hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.)

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different varieties, planting densities, tree training systems and canopy aspect (north and south) on tree water use efficiency and nitrogen (N) availability in relation to mango fruit yield and fruit size as well as soil fertility (particularly total carbon (C) and total N as well as C and N isotope compositions) in a 5-year-old mango plantation of tropical Australia. Mango foliar samples were collected from a 5-year-old, factorial field experiment, where we tested the effects of two mango varieties (Calypso vs Keitt); two planting densities (medium vs high); two training systems (single leader vs conventional); and two sampling canopy aspects (north vs south) on foliar total C (%), total N (%), and stable C and N isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N). The 0–10 cm of surface soils were also assessed for total C, total N, and δ13C and δ15N of different varieties, planting densities, and training systems. In addition, mango fruit yield, and fruit size were measured. There were significant genetic effects on foliar total N, tree water use efficiency (WUE) as reflected by foliar δ13C, N availability as indicated by foliar total N and δ15N, mango fruit yield, and fruit size in 5-year-old mango trees in tropical Australia. Overall, Keitt had higher foliar δ13C and N availability (higher total N and lower δ15N) as well as higher mango yield and greater fruit size, compared with those of Calypso. There were also significant environmental influences on foliar δ13C and N availability. In particular, high planting density had higher N availability (higher total N), and lower foliar δ13C as well as higher N loss (higher δ15N), compared with those of medium planting density. High planting density treatment also had higher soil total N, compared with that of medium planting density treatment. The conventional training system had higher N availability and foliar δ13C, compared with those of the single leader training system. The northern side of tree canopy (sunny side) had lower fruit number, compared with that of the southern side (shady side) of tree canopy. There were significant genetic and environmental influences on tree WUE and N availability as well as mango fruit yield and fruit size in the 5-year-old mango trees. Among them, Keitt’s fruit was significantly larger than Calypso and had higher foliar δ13C (higher WUE). Although high planting density increased soil total N, it also resulted in lower foliar δ13C and more N loss. Our results highlighted the significant potential for improvement of foliar δ13C and N availability as well as fruit yield and soil fertility with both genetic selection and site management regimes.

/pdf/genetic-and-environmental-influence-on-foliar-carbon-isotope-4nc7tvh4fu.pdf

Genetic and environmental influence on foliar carbon isotope composition, nitrogen availability and fruit yield of 5-year-old mango plantation in tropical Australia

Plant spacing and production systems are important factors for maximizing production of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). Two studies were conducted simultaneously and independently, each in a 33 · 96-ft greenhouse in Fall 2008 and Spring 2009 using perlite soilless bag culture. The purpose of the first study was to evaluate yield and fruit weight of ‘Trust’ tomatoes spaced 12, 16, 20, 24, or 28 inches in-row. The second study was conducted to determine the effect of pruning production systems on yield and fruit weight. The first system is pruning two plants per bag each to a single leader and the second is pruning one plant per bag to double leader. A plant spacing of 28 inches resulted in significantly more fruit per plant than the 12-inch plant spacing. However, yield per area decreased with wider plant spacings. Plants spaced 12 inches apart in-row produced 2.8 and 3.8 lb/ft total yield in the fall and spring, respectively, compared with plants spaced 28 inches apart that produced 1.7 and 2.2 lb/ft in the fall and spring. Using a production system with one plant per bag pruned to a double leader increased yield by 6.4 lb/plant in the fall and 15.7 lb/plant in the spring. On a per bag basis, pruning two tomato plants to one leader increased total yield by 2.6 lb/ bag and was more economical in the fall; whereas, in the spring, the double leader production system did not affect yield but was more economical.

/pdf/optimizing-plant-density-and-production-systems-to-maximize-2x94nmz236.pdf

Optimizing Plant Density and Production Systems to Maximize Yield of Greenhouse-grown ‘Trust’ Tomatoes

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Walt Hitch

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Optimizing Plant Density and Production Systems to Maximize Yield of Greenhouse-grown ‘Trust’ Tomatoes