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Power Electronics Converters Applications And Design

Taking into account the limited capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to produce energy, it is mandatory to provide solutions, in which an efficient power produced by PEMFCs can be attained. The maximum power point tracker (MPPT) plays a considerable role in the performance improvement of the PEMFCs. Conventional MPPT algorithms showed good performances due to their simplicity and easy implementation. However, oscillations around the maximum power point and inefficiency in the case of rapid change in operating conditions are their main drawbacks. To this end, a new MPPT scheme based on a current reference estimator is presented. The main goal of this work is to keep the PEMFCs functioning at an efficient power point. This goal is achieved using the backstepping technique, which drives the DC–DC boost converter inserted between the PEMFC and the load. The stability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov analysis. To verify the ability of the proposed method, an extensive simulation test is executed in a Matlab–Simulink TM environment. Compared with the well-known proportional–integral (PI) controller, results indicate that the proposed backstepping technique offers rapid and adequate converging to the operating power point.

A Robust Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Method for a PEM Fuel Cell Power System

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells demonstrate potential as a comprehensive and general alternative to fossil fuel. They are also considered to be the energy source of the twenty-first century. However, fuel cell systems have non-linear output characteristics because of their input variations, which causes a significant loss in the overall system output. Thus, aiming to optimize their outputs, fuel cells are usually coupled with a controlled electronic actuator (DC-DC boost converter) that offers highly regulated output voltage. High-order sliding mode (HOSM) control has been effectively used for power electronic converters due to its high tracking accuracy, design simplicity, and robustness. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on a combination of reference current estimator (RCE) and high-order prescribed convergence law (HO-PCL) for a PEM fuel cell power system. The proposed MPPT method is implemented practically on a hardware 360W FC-42/HLC evaluation kit. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the success of the proposed method in extracting the maximum power from the fuel cell with high tracking performance.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/9/4/105/pdf

Real-Time Implementation of a New MPPT Control Method for a DC-DC Boost Converter Used in a PEM Fuel Cell Power System

The power coefficient parameter represents the aerodynamic wind turbine efficiency. Since the 1980s, several equations have been used in the literature to study the power coefficient as a function of the tip speed ratio and the pitch angle. In this study, these equations are reviewed and compared. A corrected blade element momentum algorithm is used to generate three sets of data representing different ranges of wind turbines, going from 2 to 10 MW. With this information, two power coefficient models are proposed and shared. One model is based on a polynomial fitting, whereas the other is based on neural network techniques. Both were trained with the blade element momentum model output data and showed good behaviour for all operating ranges. In the results, compared to all the algorithms found in the literature, the proposed models reduced the power coefficient error by at least 55% compared to the best numerical approximation from the literature. An error reduction in the power coefficient parameter may have a large impact on many wind energy conversion system studies, such as those treating dynamic and transient behaviours.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1162

Wind turbine power coefficient models based on neural networks and polynomial fitting

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC is one of the most important power supplies. Extracting the maximum power from the PEMFC in the presence of load and inputs variations, has always attracted the attention of many researchers and many articles have been published on this issue, this paper presents modeling of a PEMFC with DC/DC boost converter. Subsequently, Fuzzy Logic controller FLC is proposed to keep the PEMFC working at its maximum power point MPP. The model and the controller are implemented in the MATLAB and SIMULINK environment and results are discussed.

PEM fuel cell efficiency boosting — Robust MPP tracking

In this paper, the model and the control of the direct-drive wind energy conversion system with permanent magnet synchronous generator PMSG are studied and implemented on MATLAB/ Simulink software. The model includes a wind turbine with horizontal axis driving PMSG through a power transmission device and debits through a rectifier connected to the dc-bus. A vector control strategy is applied. The results of various simulation of the conversion chain improve the performance of the proposed system.

Vector control of a PMSG direct-drive wind turbine

In this study, a model reference adaptive sliding mode speed controller (SM-MRAC) for a direct drive wind energy conversion chain is presented. The system model includes a wind turbine with horizontal axis driving a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) through a rectifier connected to the dc-bus. The designed SM-MRAC controller is compared with a conventional PI controller. The model and the control of the proposed system are implemented on MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results improve the effectiveness of the SM-MRAC and show the performance specification comparison with the conventional PI controller.

A sliding mode model reference adaptive control of PMSG wind turbine

A model of a stand-alone Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC power supply for AC motor application is studied in this paper. As an AC load, a permanent magnet synchronous motor PMSM is chosen. The power conversion chain is basically composed of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC inverter to increase and regulate the generated voltage by the PEMFC in order to satisfy the load requirements. Then, a mathematical model of each component is presented. In order to control the PEMFC power system, SMC and vector control are applied. Moreover, the PEMFC characteristics, the proposed controls and the PMSM responses are discussed. Simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink software.

Modeling and control of a stand-alone PEMFC for AC load-PMSM application

Power electronic systems tend to be great contributors to faults in many applications especially wind turbines because they are exposed to harsh operation conditions in height. Thus, a great attention has been paid to fault diagnosis technologies. In this paper, the concept of an exact recovery under a sparse fault assumption is applied to the diagnosis of three-phase DC-AC power electronic inverter, this method is denoted as Sparse Recovery Diagnosis (SRD). This method has the advantage to reconstruct on-line a vector of numerous faults from a few system measurements and with finite-time convergence. In this paper, the concept of an exact recovery under a sparse fault assumption is applied to the diagnosis of three-phase DC-AC power electronic inverter, this method is denoted as Sparse Recovery Diagnosis (SRD). In order to apply the proposed method, it is first necessary to have a dynamical modeling without and with each considered fault. After that, roughly speaking, some assumptions (Sparsity, Restrictive Isometry Property) are necessary with respect to the influence of the fault on the measured signals, in order to apply an exact SRD method. The algorithm used in this paper is based on homogeneous observer. Moreover, in order to take into account the quality of the measured noisy signals, the homogeneity degree is variable. The paper ends by some simulation results on a case study which highlight the well founded of the proposed algorithm with respect to previous algorithms that did not consider that the measurement is noisy.

Sparse Recovery Diagnosis Method Applied to Hybrid Dynamical System: The Case of Three-Phase DC-AC Inverter for Wind Turbine

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Papers

Vector control of a PMSG direct-drive wind turbine

A sliding mode model reference adaptive control of PMSG wind turbine

Modeling and control of a stand-alone PEMFC for AC load-PMSM application

Sparse Recovery Diagnosis Method Applied to Hybrid Dynamical System: The Case of Three-Phase DC-AC Inverter for Wind Turbine