The experimental data show that the minimum dopant concentration required to strongly reduce the photorefractive effect is close to 2% (in accordance with (3)), and that the presence of Zr in the crystal lattice doesn't reduce the electro-optical properties of the crystal. The impact of the dopant concentration on the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices was also evaluated. The obtained results indicate that Zr:LN can be a very good candidate for the design of efficient nonlinear all-optical devices.

electro-optical coefficients and refractive indices of Zr-doped LiNb03 crystals

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electro-optical coefficients and refractive indices of Zr-doped LiNb03 crystals