In this study, the interaction between primary/secondary PE MPs and soil – microbiome - crop complex system and PE MPs enrichment behavior in crops were studied by using the self-developed quantitative characterization method of Eu-MPs and in situ zymography. The results demonstrated for the first time the enrichment effect of micron-sized PE (> 10 µm) in crops, manifested as roots>leaves>stems. Primary PE MPs significantly increased soil TN, TC, SOM and β-glu activity and inhibited Phos activity. Age-PE MPs significantly reduced soil TN, TP, β-glu and Phos activities and also have significant inhibitory effects on plant height, stem diameter, and leaf dry weight of maize. Age-PE MPs significantly affected soil microbial diversity, mainly caused by bacterial genera such as UTCFX1, Sphingomonas, Subgroup-6 and Gemmatimonas. Age-PE MPs also affected some metabolism related to microbial community composition and maize growth, including Glycerolipid, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), C5-Branched dibasic acid, Arginine and proline, Tyrosine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. These research results indicated that the PE MPs, which are widely present in farmland soils, can affect crop growth, soil microbial community and metabolic function after aging, thus affecting agroecosystems and terrestrial biodiversity. 

A new quantitative insight: Interaction of polyethylene microplastics with soil - microbiome - crop.

Fate and environmental behaviors of microplastics through the lens of free radical.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer fascinating opportunities for fundamental nanoscale science and various technological applications. They are a promising platform for next generation optoelectronics and energy harvesting devices due to their exceptional characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable bandgap and strong light-matter interactions. The performance of TMD-based devices is mainly governed by the structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Many properties of TMDs are influenced by the method of synthesis so numerous studies have focused on processing high-quality TMDs with controlled physicochemical properties. Plasma-based methods are cost-effective, well controllable, and scalable techniques that have recently attracted researchers' interest in the synthesis and modification of 2D TMDs. TMDs' reactivity toward plasma offers numerous opportunities to modify the surface of TMDs, including functionalization, defect engineering, doping, oxidation, phase engineering, etching, healing, morphological changes, and altering the surface energy. Here we comprehensively review all roles of plasma in the realm of TMDs. The fundamental science behind plasma processing and modification of TMDs and their applications in different fields are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of TMDs and the importance of surface engineering in next-generation optoelectronic applications.

Plasma Processing and Treatment of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Tuning Properties and Defect Engineering.

Nanoplastics (NPs) have different colors, which could affect their photoaging processes in aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of irradiation on physicochemical properties and aggregation kinetics of five colored NPs. Photodegradation rates and photooxidation degrees ranked white ≈ yellow > red > blue ≈ black NPs, indicating that NPs with longer color wavelengths photoaged faster. The discoloration process followed color fading (2-14 days, except for white NPs), yellowing (10-16 days), yellow fading (18 days), and turning transparent (20-22 days). White NPs exhibited a different photoaging sequence (C-H → C-OH → C═O → O-C═O) from others. Photodegradation was mainly controlled by singlet oxygen, producing 13 chemicals that were mostly organic acids. The overall colloidal stability of pristine NPs ranked blue > yellow > red > black > white. Irradiation for 16 days retarded aggregation of white and other NPs in NaCl solution, raising the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) by 82.14 and 0.85-7.90%, respectively. Contrarily, irradiation promoted aggregation in CaCl2 solution by reducing the CCC of white (67.37%) and other (33.33-37.58%) NPs. The findings demonstrate that colored NPs underwent photoaging processes different from white/transparent NPs, which were focused by previous work, highlighting the important role of color in their environmental fate and transport. 

Differential Photoaging Effects on Colored Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Physicochemical Properties and Aggregation Kinetics.

Ferroelectric perovskite PbTiO3 for advanced photocatalysis

H2O2 concentration influenced the photoaging mechanism and kinetics of polystyrene microplastic under UV irradiation: Direct and indirect photolysis

Two‐dimensional semiconductors are considered as promising candidates in next‐generation nanoelectronics. The polarity regulation, however, has been a great obstacle to their applications. Herein, a strategy to comprehensively modulate the polarity of WSe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) by combining contact engineering and plasma doping is demonstrated. N‐type and ambipolar WSe2 FETs are obtained by indium (In) and chromium (Cr) contact, respectively. Meanwhile Cr contact and mild oxygen plasma doping are employed simultaneously to realize p‐type WSe2 FET. High on/off ratio of ≈107 has been achieved for both n‐type and p‐type WSe2 FETs. Subsequently, they are connected in series to construct a homogeneous complementary logic inverter and a lateral p–n diode. Anti‐ambipolar transfer characteristics, therefore, are accessed from the inverter. And the forward to backward rectifying ratio reaches 106 for the p–n diode. The proposed strategy paves the way for practical applications of WSe2 FETs in logic circuits and optoelectronics.

Comprehensive Polarity Regulation of WSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors Enabled by Combining Contact Engineering and Plasma Doping

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H2O2 concentration influenced the photoaging mechanism and kinetics of polystyrene microplastic under UV irradiation: Direct and indirect photolysis

Comprehensive Polarity Regulation of WSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors Enabled by Combining Contact Engineering and Plasma Doping