Jump relaxation in solid electrolytes

The search for electrolyte materials with high oxygen conductivities is a key step toward reducing the operation temperature of fuel cells, which is currently above 700 degrees C. We report a high lateral ionic conductivity, showing up to eight orders of magnitude enhancement near room temperature, in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/strontium titanate epitaxial heterostructures. The enhancement of the conductivity is observed, along with a YSZ layer thickness-independent conductance, showing that it is an interface process. We propose that the atomic reconstruction at the interface between highly dissimilar structures (such as fluorite and perovskite) provides both a large number of carriers and a high-mobility plane, yielding colossal values of the ionic conductivity.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/321/5889/676.full.pdf

Colossal Ionic Conductivity at Interfaces of Epitaxial ZrO2:Y2O3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Solid polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide and lithium trifluoro- methane sulfonate (PEO–LiCF3SO3): Ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation

The dielectric response of many materials exhibits universal behavior in the form of a power law frequency dependence of the ac conductivity. This response is seen in all types of structures both crystalline and amorphous and for all types of polarizing species including dipoles and ions. Here I demonstrate that for ionic materials the power law exponent decreases with decreasing dimensionality of the ion conduction pathways. Although percolation concepts such as random walks on a self-similar fractal lattice provide a qualitative explanation, experimental findings instead indicate that the dispersion is the result of localized ion motion occurring on an atomic length scale. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society }

Dimensionality Dependence of the Conductivity Dispersion in Ionic Materials

The dielectric properties of Z-type hexaferrite Sr3Co2Fe24O41 (SCFO) have been investigated as a function of temperature from 153 to 503 K between 1 and 2 GHz. The dielectric responses of SCFO are found to be frequency dependent and thermally activated. The relaxation-type dielectric behavior is observed to be dominating in the low frequency region and resonance-type dielectric behavior is found to be dominating above 108 Hz. This frequency dependence of dielectric behavior is explained by the damped harmonic oscillator model with temperature dependent coefficients. The imaginary part of impedance (Z″) and modulus (M″) spectra show that there is a distribution of relaxation times. The scaling behaviors of Z″ and M″ spectra further suggest that the distribution of relaxation times is temperature independent at low frequencies. The dielectric loss spectra at different temperatures have not shown a scaling behavior above 108 Hz. A comparison between the Z″ and the M″ spectra indicates that the short-range charges motion dominates at low temperatures and the long-range charges motion dominates at high temperatures. The above results indicate that the dielectric dispersion mechanism in SCFO is temperature independent at low frequencies and temperature dependent at high frequencies due to the domination of resonance behavior.

/pdf/dielectric-relaxation-resonance-and-scaling-behaviors-in-20bqtzimd1.pdf

Dielectric relaxation, resonance and scaling behaviors in Sr3Co2Fe24O41 hexaferrite.

The ac conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega}) of three ionically conducting crystalline materials (${\mathrm{NaClZn}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$,${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$:${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$) and two glasses have been studied over an unusually wide temperature range. In all cases, limiting power-law behavior [exponent s=1 in \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{0}$+A${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{\mathit{s}}$] is observed at relatively low temperatures. It is concluded that this limiting behavior is a universal phenomenon. Available theoretical explanations have been examined and found to be unsatisfactory.

Limiting behavior of ac conductivity in ionically conducting crystals and glasses: A new universality.

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a high-precision manufacturing process that may be implemented to any electrically conductive material, notwithstanding its of mechanical residences. It’s far a non-contact process using thermal energy that is used in a wide range of applications, especially for difficult-to-cut materials with complicated shapes and geometries. The dielectric is critical in this process as it focuses the plasma channel above the processing and also serves as a debris carrier. The long-term use of dielectric used in EDM process pollutes to the atmosphere and is harmful to the operator's health. This study compares the efficiency of refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm oil (cooking oil) with traditional hydrocarbon dielectric, kerosene using copper electrode in the finishing process of AISI D2 steel. Low peak current, Ip 1A to 5A and pulse duration, ton up to 150μs were chosen as the main parameters. The effects of material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated. The result shows that RBD palm oil has higher MRR which is 33.4821mm3/min while kerosene is 22.4888mm3/min, both at Ip=5A and ton=150µs. The improvement when RBD palm oil is used as dielectric is 48.88% compared to kerosene. With the increase in peak current, the EWR increases but it is inversely proportional to the pulse duration. The lowest EWR is obtained at the same IP=1A and ton=150µs for both RBD palm oil and kerosene which is 0.0010mm3/min and 0.0002mm3/min respectively. The minimum value of Ra for RBD palm oil is 2.15µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs, while for kerosene it is 2.11µm at IP=1A and ton=150µs. In terms of finishing process efficiency, RBD palm oil, a biodegradable oil-based dielectric fluid, has shown significant potential in EDM processing of AISI D2 steel.

The Machinability Performance of RBD Palm Oil Dielectric Fluid on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of AISI D2 Steel

The influence of hBN particles in modified Jatropha-based oil as a metalworking fluid on tool life and tool wear during turning process

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Limiting behavior of ac conductivity in ionically conducting crystals and glasses: A new universality.

The Machinability Performance of RBD Palm Oil Dielectric Fluid on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of AISI D2 Steel

The influence of hBN particles in modified Jatropha-based oil as a metalworking fluid on tool life and tool wear during turning process